Aaru/DiscImageChef.Filesystems/FAT.cs

// /***************************************************************************
// The Disc Image Chef
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Filename       : FAT.cs
// Author(s)      : Natalia Portillo <claunia@claunia.com>
//
// Component      : Microsoft FAT filesystem plugin.
//
// --[ Description ] ----------------------------------------------------------
//
//     Identifies the Microsoft FAT filesystem and shows information.
//
// --[ License ] --------------------------------------------------------------
//
//     This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
//     it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
//     published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
//     License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
//     This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
//     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
//     Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
//     You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
//     License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright © 2011-2016 Natalia Portillo
// ****************************************************************************/

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using DiscImageChef.Console;

namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems
{
    // TODO: Implement detecting DOS bootable disks
    // TODO: Implement detecting Atari TOS bootable disks and printing corresponding fields
    class FAT : Filesystem
    {
        public FAT()
        {
            Name = "Microsoft File Allocation Table";
            PluginUUID = new Guid("33513B2C-0D26-0D2D-32C3-79D8611158E0");
        }

        public FAT(ImagePlugins.ImagePlugin imagePlugin, ulong partitionStart, ulong partitionEnd)
        {
            Name = "Microsoft File Allocation Table";
            PluginUUID = new Guid("33513B2C-0D26-0D2D-32C3-79D8611158E0");
        }

        public override bool Identify(ImagePlugins.ImagePlugin imagePlugin, ulong partitionStart, ulong partitionEnd)
        {
            if((2 + partitionStart) >= partitionEnd)
                return false;

            byte media_descriptor; // Not present on DOS <= 3, present on TOS but != of first FAT entry
            byte fats_no; // Must be 1 or 2. Dunno if it can be 0 in the wild, but it CANNOT BE bigger than 2
            byte[] fat32_signature = new byte[8]; // "FAT32   "
            uint first_fat_entry; // No matter FAT size we read 4 bytes for checking
            ushort bps, rsectors;

            byte[] bpb_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(0 + partitionStart);
            byte[] fat_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(1 + partitionStart);

            bool bpb_found = true;

            fats_no = bpb_sector[0x010]; // FATs, 1 or 2, maybe 0, never bigger
            media_descriptor = bpb_sector[0x015]; // Media Descriptor if present is in 0x15
            Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x52, fat32_signature, 0, 8); // FAT32 signature, if present, is in 0x52
            bps = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x00B); // Bytes per sector
            if(bps == 0)
                bps = 0x200;
            rsectors = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x00E); // Sectors between BPB and FAT, including the BPB sector => [BPB,FAT) 
            if(rsectors == 0)
                rsectors = 1;
            if(partitionEnd > (rsectors + partitionStart))
                fat_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(rsectors + partitionStart); // First FAT entry
            else
                bpb_found = false;

            if(bpb_found)
            {
                first_fat_entry = BitConverter.ToUInt32(fat_sector, 0); // Easier to manage

                DicConsole.DebugWriteLine("FAT plugin", "fats_no = {0}", fats_no);
                DicConsole.DebugWriteLine("FAT plugin", "media_descriptor = 0x{0:X2}", media_descriptor);
                DicConsole.DebugWriteLine("FAT plugin", "fat32_signature = {0}", StringHandlers.CToString(fat32_signature));
                DicConsole.DebugWriteLine("FAT plugin", "bps = {0}", bps);
                DicConsole.DebugWriteLine("FAT plugin", "first_fat_entry = 0x{0:X8}", first_fat_entry);

                if(fats_no > 2) // Must be 1 or 2, but as TOS makes strange things and I have not checked if it puts this to 0, ignore if 0. MUST NOT BE BIGGER THAN 2!
                    return false;

                // Let's start the fun
                if(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(fat32_signature) == "FAT32   ")
                    return true; // Seems easy, check reading

                if((first_fat_entry & 0xFFFFFFF0) == 0xFFFFFFF0) // Seems to be FAT16
                {
                    if((first_fat_entry & 0xFF) == media_descriptor)
                        return true; // It MUST be FAT16, or... maybe not :S
                }
                else if((first_fat_entry & 0x00FFFFF0) == 0x00FFFFF0)
                {
                    //if((first_fat_entry & 0xFF) == media_descriptor) // Pre DOS<4 does not implement this, TOS does and is !=
                    return true; // It MUST be FAT12, or... maybe not :S
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // This may create a lot of false positives, need to do extensive checkins...
                fat_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(1 + partitionStart);
                first_fat_entry = BitConverter.ToUInt32(fat_sector, 0);
                byte fat_id = fat_sector[0];

                if((first_fat_entry & 0x00FFFFF0) == 0x00FFFFF0)
                {
                    if(fat_id == 0xFF)
                    {
                        if(imagePlugin.GetSectorSize() == 512 && imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 640)
                            return true;
                        if(imagePlugin.GetSectorSize() == 128)
                        {
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 2002)
                                return true;
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 4004)
                                return true;
                        }
                        if(imagePlugin.GetSectorSize() == 1024)
                        {
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 616)
                                return true;
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 1232)
                                return true;
                        }

                        return false;
                    }
                    if(fat_id == 0xFE)
                    {
                        if(imagePlugin.GetSectorSize() == 512 && imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 320)
                            return true;
                        if(imagePlugin.GetSectorSize() == 128)
                        {
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 2002)
                                return true;
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 4004)
                                return true;
                        }
                        if(imagePlugin.GetSectorSize() == 1024)
                        {
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 616)
                                return true;
                            if(imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 1232)
                                return true;
                        }

                        return false;
                    }
                    if(fat_id == 0xFD && imagePlugin.GetSectors() == 2002)
                        return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        public override void GetInformation(ImagePlugins.ImagePlugin imagePlugin, ulong partitionStart, ulong partitionEnd, out string information)
        {
            information = "";

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            xmlFSType = new Schemas.FileSystemType();

            byte[] dosString; // Space-padded
            bool isFAT32 = false;
            uint first_fat_entry;
            byte media_descriptor, fats_no;
            string fat32_signature;
            ushort bps, rsectors;

            byte[] bpb_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(0 + partitionStart);
            byte[] fat_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(1 + partitionStart);

            bool bpb_found = true;

            fats_no = bpb_sector[0x010]; // FATs, 1 or 2, maybe 0, never bigger
            media_descriptor = bpb_sector[0x015]; // Media Descriptor if present is in 0x15
            dosString = new byte[8];
            Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x52, dosString, 0, 8); // FAT32 signature, if present, is in 0x52
            fat32_signature = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(dosString);
            bps = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x00B); // Bytes per sector
            if(bps == 0)
                bps = 0x200;
            rsectors = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x00E); // Sectors between BPB and FAT, including the BPB sector => [BPB,FAT) 
            if(rsectors == 0)
                rsectors = 1;
            if(partitionEnd > (rsectors + partitionStart))
                fat_sector = imagePlugin.ReadSector(rsectors + partitionStart); // First FAT entry
            else
                bpb_found = false;

            if(bpb_found)
            {
                first_fat_entry = BitConverter.ToUInt32(fat_sector, 0); // Easier to manage

                if(fats_no > 2) // Must be 1 or 2, but as TOS makes strange things and I have not checked if it puts this to 0, ignore if 0. MUST NOT BE BIGGER THAN 2!
                    return;

                // Let's start the fun
                if(fat32_signature == "FAT32   ")
                {
                    sb.AppendLine("Microsoft FAT32"); // Seems easy, check reading
                    xmlFSType.Type = "FAT32";
                    isFAT32 = true;
                }
                else if((first_fat_entry & 0xFFFFFFF0) == 0xFFFFFFF0) // Seems to be FAT16
                {
                    if((first_fat_entry & 0xFF) == media_descriptor)
                    {
                        sb.AppendLine("Microsoft FAT16"); // It MUST be FAT16, or... maybe not :S
                        xmlFSType.Type = "FAT16";
                    }
                }
                else if((first_fat_entry & 0x00FFFFF0) == 0x00FFFFF0)
                {
                    //if((first_fat_entry & 0xFF) == media_descriptor) // Pre DOS<4 does not implement this, TOS does and is !=
                    sb.AppendLine("Microsoft FAT12"); // It MUST be FAT12, or... maybe not :S
                    xmlFSType.Type = "FAT12";
                }
                else
                    return;

                BIOSParameterBlock BPB = new BIOSParameterBlock();
                ExtendedParameterBlock EPB = new ExtendedParameterBlock();
                FAT32ParameterBlock FAT32PB = new FAT32ParameterBlock();

                dosString = new byte[8];
                Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x03, dosString, 0, 8);
                BPB.OEMName = StringHandlers.CToString(dosString);
                BPB.bps = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x0B);
                BPB.spc = bpb_sector[0x0D];
                BPB.rsectors = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x0E);
                BPB.fats_no = bpb_sector[0x10];
                BPB.root_ent = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x11);
                BPB.sectors = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x13);
                BPB.media = bpb_sector[0x15];
                BPB.spfat = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x16);
                BPB.sptrk = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x18);
                BPB.heads = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x1A);
                BPB.hsectors = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bpb_sector, 0x1C);
                BPB.big_sectors = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bpb_sector, 0x20);

                if(isFAT32)
                {
                    FAT32PB.spfat = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bpb_sector, 0x24);
                    FAT32PB.fat_flags = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x28);
                    FAT32PB.version = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x2A);
                    FAT32PB.root_cluster = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bpb_sector, 0x2C);
                    FAT32PB.fsinfo_sector = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x30);
                    FAT32PB.backup_sector = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bpb_sector, 0x32);
                    FAT32PB.drive_no = bpb_sector[0x40];
                    FAT32PB.nt_flags = bpb_sector[0x41];
                    FAT32PB.signature = bpb_sector[0x42];
                    FAT32PB.serial_no = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bpb_sector, 0x43);
                    dosString = new byte[11];
                    Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x47, dosString, 0, 11);
                    FAT32PB.volume_label = StringHandlers.CToString(dosString);
                    dosString = new byte[8];
                    Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x52, dosString, 0, 8);
                    FAT32PB.fs_type = StringHandlers.CToString(dosString);
                }
                else
                {
                    EPB.drive_no = bpb_sector[0x24];
                    EPB.nt_flags = bpb_sector[0x25];
                    EPB.signature = bpb_sector[0x26];
                    EPB.serial_no = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bpb_sector, 0x27);
                    dosString = new byte[11];
                    Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x2B, dosString, 0, 11);
                    EPB.volume_label = StringHandlers.CToString(dosString);
                    dosString = new byte[8];
                    Array.Copy(bpb_sector, 0x36, dosString, 0, 8);
                    EPB.fs_type = StringHandlers.CToString(dosString);
                }

                sb.AppendFormat("OEM Name: {0}", BPB.OEMName).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} bytes per sector.", BPB.bps).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors per cluster.", BPB.spc).AppendLine();
                xmlFSType.ClusterSize = BPB.bps * BPB.spc;
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors reserved between BPB and FAT.", BPB.rsectors).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} FATs.", BPB.fats_no).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} entries on root directory.", BPB.root_ent).AppendLine();
                if(BPB.sectors == 0)
                {
                    sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors on volume ({1} bytes).", BPB.big_sectors, BPB.big_sectors * BPB.bps).AppendLine();
                    xmlFSType.Clusters = BPB.big_sectors / BPB.spc;
                }
                else
                {
                    sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors on volume ({1} bytes).", BPB.sectors, BPB.sectors * BPB.bps).AppendLine();
                    xmlFSType.Clusters = BPB.sectors / BPB.spc;
                }
                if((BPB.media & 0xF0) == 0xF0)
                    sb.AppendFormat("Media format: 0x{0:X2}", BPB.media).AppendLine();
                if(fat32_signature == "FAT32   ")
                    sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors per FAT.", FAT32PB.spfat).AppendLine();
                else
                    sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors per FAT.", BPB.spfat).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} sectors per track.", BPB.sptrk).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} heads.", BPB.heads).AppendLine();
                sb.AppendFormat("{0} hidden sectors before BPB.", BPB.hsectors).AppendLine();

                if(isFAT32)
                {
                    sb.AppendFormat("Cluster of root directory: {0}", FAT32PB.root_cluster).AppendLine();
                    sb.AppendFormat("Sector of FSINFO structure: {0}", FAT32PB.fsinfo_sector).AppendLine();
                    sb.AppendFormat("Sector of backup FAT32 parameter block: {0}", FAT32PB.backup_sector).AppendLine();
                    sb.AppendFormat("Drive number: 0x{0:X2}", FAT32PB.drive_no).AppendLine();
                    sb.AppendFormat("Volume Serial Number: 0x{0:X8}", FAT32PB.serial_no).AppendLine();
                    xmlFSType.VolumeSerial = string.Format("{0:X8}", FAT32PB.serial_no);
                    if((FAT32PB.nt_flags & 0x01) == 0x01)
                    {
                        sb.AppendLine("Volume should be checked on next mount.");
                        if((EPB.nt_flags & 0x02) == 0x02)
                            sb.AppendLine("Disk surface should be checked also.");
                        xmlFSType.Dirty = true;
                    }

                    sb.AppendFormat("Volume label: {0}", EPB.volume_label).AppendLine();
                    if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(EPB.volume_label))
                        xmlFSType.VolumeName = EPB.volume_label;
                    sb.AppendFormat("Filesystem type: {0}", EPB.fs_type).AppendLine();
                }
                else if(EPB.signature == 0x28 || EPB.signature == 0x29)
                {
                    sb.AppendFormat("Drive number: 0x{0:X2}", EPB.drive_no).AppendLine();
                    sb.AppendFormat("Volume Serial Number: 0x{0:X8}", EPB.serial_no).AppendLine();
                    xmlFSType.VolumeSerial = string.Format("{0:X8}", EPB.serial_no);
                    if(EPB.signature == 0x29)
                    {
                        if((EPB.nt_flags & 0x01) == 0x01)
                        {
                            sb.AppendLine("Volume should be checked on next mount.");
                            if((EPB.nt_flags & 0x02) == 0x02)
                                sb.AppendLine("Disk surface should be checked also.");
                            xmlFSType.Dirty = true;
                        }

                        sb.AppendFormat("Volume label: {0}", EPB.volume_label).AppendLine();
                        if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(EPB.volume_label))
                            xmlFSType.VolumeName = EPB.volume_label;
                        sb.AppendFormat("Filesystem type: {0}", EPB.fs_type).AppendLine();
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                sb.AppendLine("Pre-DOS 2.0 Microsoft FAT12.");
                sb.AppendLine("***WARNING***");
                sb.AppendLine("This may be a false positive.");
                sb.AppendFormat("Disk image identifies disk type as {0}.", imagePlugin.GetMediaType()).AppendLine();
            }

            information = sb.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>FAT's BIOS Parameter Block.</summary>
        public struct BIOSParameterBlock
        {
            /// <summary>0x03, OEM Name, 8 bytes, space-padded</summary>
            public string OEMName;
            /// <summary>0x0B, Bytes per sector</summary>
            public ushort bps;
            /// <summary>0x0D, Sectors per cluster</summary>
            public byte spc;
            /// <summary>0x0E, Reserved sectors between BPB and FAT</summary>
            public ushort rsectors;
            /// <summary>0x10, Number of FATs</summary>
            public byte fats_no;
            /// <summary>0x11, Number of entries on root directory</summary>
            public ushort root_ent;
            /// <summary>0x13, Sectors in volume</summary>
            public ushort sectors;
            /// <summary>0x15, Media descriptor</summary>
            public byte media;
            /// <summary>0x16, Sectors per FAT</summary>
            public ushort spfat;
            /// <summary>0x18, Sectors per track</summary>
            public ushort sptrk;
            /// <summary>0x1A, Heads</summary>
            public ushort heads;
            /// <summary>0x1C, Hidden sectors before BPB</summary>
            public uint hsectors;
            /// <summary>0x20, Sectors in volume if > 65535</summary>
            public uint big_sectors;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Atari Boot Block.
        /// This only applies for bootable disks
        /// From http://info-coach.fr/atari/software/FD-Soft.php
        /// </summary>
        public struct AtariBootBlock
        {
            /// <summary>0x01C, Atari ST use 16 bit for hidden sectors, probably so did old DOS</summary>
            public ushort hsectors;
            /// <summary>0x01E, indicates if COMMAND.PRG must be executed after OS load</summary>
            public ushort xflag;
            /// <summary>0x020, load mode for, or 0 if fname indicates boot file</summary>
            public ushort ldmode;
            /// <summary>0x022, sector from which to boot</summary>
            public ushort bsect;
            /// <summary>0x024, how many sectors to boot</summary>
            public ushort bsects_no;
            /// <summary>0x026, RAM address where boot should be located</summary>
            public uint ldaddr;
            /// <summary>0x02A, RAM address to copy the FAT and root directory</summary>
            public uint fatbuf;
            /// <summary>0x02E, 11 bytes, name of boot file</summary>
            public string fname;
            /// <summary>0x039, unused</summary>
            public ushort reserved;
            /// <summary>0x03B, 451 bytes boot code</summary>
            public byte[] boot_code;
            /// <summary>0x1FE, the sum of all the BPB+ABB must be 0x1234, so this bigendian value works as adjustment</summary>
            public ushort checksum;
        }

        /// <summary>DOS Extended Parameter Block</summary>
        public struct ExtendedParameterBlock
        {
            /// <summary>0x24, Drive number<summary>
            public byte drive_no;
            /// <summary>0x25, Volume flags if NT (must be 0x29 signature)<summary>
            public byte nt_flags;
            /// <summary>0x26, EPB signature, 0x28 or 0x29<summary>
            public byte signature;
            /// <summary>0x27, Volume serial number<summary>
            public uint serial_no;
            /// <summary>0x2B, Volume label, 11 bytes, space-padded
            /// Present only if signature == 0x29<summary>
            public string volume_label;
            /// <summary>0x36, Filesystem type, 8 bytes, space-padded
            /// Present only if signature == 0x29<summary>
            public string fs_type;
        }

        /// <summary>FAT32 Parameter Block</summary>
        public struct FAT32ParameterBlock
        {
            /// <summary>0x24, Sectors per FAT</summary>
            public uint spfat;
            /// <summary>0x28, FAT flags</summary>
            public ushort fat_flags;
            /// <summary>0x2A, FAT32 version</summary>
            public ushort version;
            /// <summary>0x2C, Cluster of root directory</summary>
            public uint root_cluster;
            /// <summary>0x30, Sector of FSINFO structure</summary>
            public ushort fsinfo_sector;
            /// <summary>0x32, Sector of FAT32PB backup</summary>
            public ushort backup_sector;
            /// <summary>0x34, 12 reserved bytes</summary>
            public byte[] reserved;
            /// <summary>0x40, Drive number</summary>
            public byte drive_no;
            /// <summary>0x41, Volume flags</summary>
            public byte nt_flags;
            /// <summary>0x42, FAT32PB signature, should be 0x29</summary>
            public byte signature;
            /// <summary>0x43, Volume serial number</summary>
            public uint serial_no;
            /// <summary>0x47, Volume label, 11 bytes, space-padded</summary>
            public string volume_label;
            /// <summary>0x52, Filesystem type, 8 bytes, space-padded, must be "FAT32   "</summary>
            public string fs_type;
        }

        public override Errno Mount()
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno Mount(bool debug)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno Unmount()
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno GetXattr(string path, string xattr, ref byte[] buf)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno Read(string path, long offset, long size, ref byte[] buf)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }

        public override Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest)
        {
            return Errno.NotImplemented;
        }
    }
}