Aaru/DiscImageChef.Devices/Device/Constructor.cs

// /***************************************************************************
// The Disc Image Chef
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Filename       : Constructor.cs
// Author(s)      : Natalia Portillo <claunia@claunia.com>
//
// Component      : Direct device access.
//
// --[ Description ] ----------------------------------------------------------
//
//     Prepares a device for direct access.
//
// --[ License ] --------------------------------------------------------------
//
//     This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
//     it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
//     published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
//     License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
//     This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
//     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
//     Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
//     You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
//     License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright © 2011-2018 Natalia Portillo
// ****************************************************************************/

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using DiscImageChef.CommonTypes.Interop;
using DiscImageChef.Console;
using DiscImageChef.Decoders.ATA;
using DiscImageChef.Decoders.SCSI;
using DiscImageChef.Decoders.SecureDigital;
using DiscImageChef.Devices.FreeBSD;
using DiscImageChef.Devices.Windows;
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using Extern = DiscImageChef.Devices.Windows.Extern;
using FileAccess = DiscImageChef.Devices.Windows.FileAccess;
using FileAttributes = DiscImageChef.Devices.Windows.FileAttributes;
using FileFlags = DiscImageChef.Devices.Linux.FileFlags;
using FileMode = DiscImageChef.Devices.Windows.FileMode;
using FileShare = DiscImageChef.Devices.Windows.FileShare;
using PlatformID = DiscImageChef.CommonTypes.Interop.PlatformID;
using VendorString = DiscImageChef.Decoders.SecureDigital.VendorString;

namespace DiscImageChef.Devices
{
    public partial class Device
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///     Opens the device for sending direct commands
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="devicePath">Device path</param>
        public Device(string devicePath)
        {
            PlatformId  = DetectOS.GetRealPlatformID();
            Timeout     = 15;
            Error       = false;
            IsRemovable = false;

            switch(PlatformId)
            {
                case PlatformID.Win32NT:
                {
                    FileHandle = Extern.CreateFile(devicePath, FileAccess.GenericRead | FileAccess.GenericWrite,
                                                   FileShare.Read                     | FileShare.Write, IntPtr.Zero,
                                                   FileMode.OpenExisting,
                                                   FileAttributes.Normal, IntPtr.Zero);

                    if(((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle).IsInvalid)
                    {
                        Error     = true;
                        LastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    }

                    break;
                }
                case PlatformID.Linux:
                {
                    FileHandle =
                        Linux.Extern.open(devicePath,
                                          FileFlags.ReadWrite | FileFlags.NonBlocking | FileFlags.CreateNew);

                    if((int)FileHandle < 0)
                    {
                        LastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();

                        if(LastError == 13) // EACCES
                        {
                            FileHandle = Linux.Extern.open(devicePath, FileFlags.Readonly | FileFlags.NonBlocking);
                            if((int)FileHandle < 0)
                            {
                                Error     = true;
                                LastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                            }
                        }
                        else Error = true;

                        LastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    }

                    break;
                }
                case PlatformID.FreeBSD:
                {
                    FileHandle = FreeBSD.Extern.cam_open_device(devicePath, FreeBSD.FileFlags.ReadWrite);

                    if(((IntPtr)FileHandle).ToInt64() == 0)
                    {
                        Error     = true;
                        LastError = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    }

                    CamDevice camDevice = (CamDevice)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)FileHandle, typeof(CamDevice));

                    if(StringHandlers.CToString(camDevice.SimName) == "ata")
                        throw new
                            InvalidOperationException("Parallel ATA devices are not supported on FreeBSD due to upstream bug #224250.");

                    break;
                }
                default: throw new InvalidOperationException($"Platform {PlatformId} not yet supported.");
            }

            if(Error) throw new SystemException($"Error {LastError} opening device.");

            Type     = DeviceType.Unknown;
            ScsiType = PeripheralDeviceTypes.UnknownDevice;

            byte[] ataBuf;
            byte[] inqBuf = null;

            if(Error) throw new SystemException($"Error {LastError} trying device.");

            bool scsiSense = true;

            // Windows is answering SCSI INQUIRY for all device types so it needs to be detected first
            switch(PlatformId)
            {
                case PlatformID.Win32NT:
                    StoragePropertyQuery query = new StoragePropertyQuery();
                    query.PropertyId           = StoragePropertyId.Device;
                    query.QueryType            = StorageQueryType.Standard;
                    query.AdditionalParameters = new byte[1];

                    IntPtr descriptorPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(1000);
                    byte[] descriptorB   = new byte[1000];

                    uint returned = 0;
                    int  error    = 0;

                    bool hasError = !Extern.DeviceIoControlStorageQuery((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle,
                                                                        WindowsIoctl.IoctlStorageQueryProperty,
                                                                        ref query, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(query),
                                                                        descriptorPtr, 1000, ref returned, IntPtr.Zero);

                    if(hasError) error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();

                    Marshal.Copy(descriptorPtr, descriptorB, 0, 1000);

                    if(!hasError && error == 0)
                    {
                        StorageDeviceDescriptor descriptor = new StorageDeviceDescriptor
                        {
                            Version               = BitConverter.ToUInt32(descriptorB, 0),
                            Size                  = BitConverter.ToUInt32(descriptorB, 4),
                            DeviceType            = descriptorB[8],
                            DeviceTypeModifier    = descriptorB[9],
                            RemovableMedia        = descriptorB[10] > 0,
                            CommandQueueing       = descriptorB[11] > 0,
                            VendorIdOffset        = BitConverter.ToInt32(descriptorB, 12),
                            ProductIdOffset       = BitConverter.ToInt32(descriptorB, 16),
                            ProductRevisionOffset = BitConverter.ToInt32(descriptorB, 20),
                            SerialNumberOffset    = BitConverter.ToInt32(descriptorB, 24),
                            BusType               = (StorageBusType)BitConverter.ToUInt32(descriptorB, 28),
                            RawPropertiesLength   = BitConverter.ToUInt32(descriptorB, 32)
                        };
                        descriptor.RawDeviceProperties = new byte[descriptor.RawPropertiesLength];
                        Array.Copy(descriptorB, 36, descriptor.RawDeviceProperties, 0, descriptor.RawPropertiesLength);

                        switch(descriptor.BusType)
                        {
                            case StorageBusType.SCSI:
                            case StorageBusType.SSA:
                            case StorageBusType.Fibre:
                            case StorageBusType.iSCSI:
                            case StorageBusType.SAS:
                                Type = DeviceType.SCSI;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.FireWire:
                                IsFireWire = true;
                                Type       = DeviceType.SCSI;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.USB:
                                IsUsb = true;
                                Type  = DeviceType.SCSI;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.ATAPI:
                                Type = DeviceType.ATAPI;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.ATA:
                            case StorageBusType.SATA:
                                Type = DeviceType.ATA;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.MultiMediaCard:
                                Type = DeviceType.MMC;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.SecureDigital:
                                Type = DeviceType.SecureDigital;
                                break;
                            case StorageBusType.NVMe:
                                Type = DeviceType.NVMe;
                                break;
                        }

                        switch(Type)
                        {
                            case DeviceType.SCSI:
                            case DeviceType.ATAPI:
                                scsiSense = ScsiInquiry(out inqBuf, out _);
                                break;
                            case DeviceType.ATA:
                                bool atapiSense = AtapiIdentify(out ataBuf, out _);

                                if(!atapiSense)
                                {
                                    Type = DeviceType.ATAPI;
                                    Identify.IdentifyDevice? ataid = Identify.Decode(ataBuf);

                                    if(ataid.HasValue) scsiSense = ScsiInquiry(out inqBuf, out _);
                                }
                                else Manufacturer = "ATA";

                                break;
                        }
                    }

                    string ntDevicePath = Windows.Command.GetDevicePath((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle);
                    DicConsole.DebugWriteLine("Windows devices", "NT device path: {0}", ntDevicePath);
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(descriptorPtr);

                    if(Windows.Command.IsSdhci((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle))
                    {
                        byte[] sdBuffer = new byte[16];

                        LastError = Windows.Command.SendMmcCommand((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle, MmcCommands.SendCsd,
                                                                   false, false,
                                                                   MmcFlags.ResponseSpiR2 | MmcFlags.ResponseR2 |
                                                                   MmcFlags.CommandAc, 0, 16, 1, ref sdBuffer, out _,
                                                                   out _, out bool sense);

                        if(!sense)
                        {
                            cachedCsd = new byte[16];
                            Array.Copy(sdBuffer, 0, cachedCsd, 0, 16);
                        }

                        sdBuffer = new byte[16];

                        LastError = Windows.Command.SendMmcCommand((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle, MmcCommands.SendCid,
                                                                   false, false,
                                                                   MmcFlags.ResponseSpiR2 | MmcFlags.ResponseR2 |
                                                                   MmcFlags.CommandAc, 0, 16, 1, ref sdBuffer, out _,
                                                                   out _, out sense);

                        if(!sense)
                        {
                            cachedCid = new byte[16];
                            Array.Copy(sdBuffer, 0, cachedCid, 0, 16);
                        }

                        sdBuffer = new byte[8];

                        LastError = Windows.Command.SendMmcCommand((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle,
                                                                   (MmcCommands)SecureDigitalCommands.SendScr, false,
                                                                   true,
                                                                   MmcFlags.ResponseSpiR1 | MmcFlags.ResponseR1 |
                                                                   MmcFlags.CommandAdtc, 0, 8, 1, ref sdBuffer, out _,
                                                                   out _, out sense);

                        if(!sense)
                        {
                            cachedScr = new byte[8];
                            Array.Copy(sdBuffer, 0, cachedScr, 0, 8);
                        }

                        if(cachedScr != null)
                        {
                            sdBuffer = new byte[4];

                            LastError = Windows.Command.SendMmcCommand((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle,
                                                                       (MmcCommands)SecureDigitalCommands
                                                                          .SendOperatingCondition, false, true,
                                                                       MmcFlags.ResponseSpiR3 | MmcFlags.ResponseR3 |
                                                                       MmcFlags.CommandBcr, 0, 4, 1, ref sdBuffer,
                                                                       out _, out _, out sense);

                            if(!sense)
                            {
                                cachedScr = new byte[4];
                                Array.Copy(sdBuffer, 0, cachedScr, 0, 4);
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            sdBuffer = new byte[4];

                            LastError = Windows.Command.SendMmcCommand((SafeFileHandle)FileHandle,
                                                                       MmcCommands.SendOpCond, false, true,
                                                                       MmcFlags.ResponseSpiR3 | MmcFlags.ResponseR3 |
                                                                       MmcFlags.CommandBcr, 0, 4, 1, ref sdBuffer,
                                                                       out _, out _, out sense);

                            if(!sense)
                            {
                                cachedScr = new byte[4];
                                Array.Copy(sdBuffer, 0, cachedScr, 0, 4);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    break;
                case PlatformID.Linux:
                    if(devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sd", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                       devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sr", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                       devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/st", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                        scsiSense = ScsiInquiry(out inqBuf, out _);
                    // MultiMediaCard and SecureDigital go here
                    else if(devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/mmcblk", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    {
                        string devPath = devicePath.Substring(5);
                        if(File.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/csd"))
                        {
                            int len =
                                ConvertFromHexAscii("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/csd", out cachedCsd);
                            if(len == 0) cachedCsd = null;
                        }

                        if(File.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/cid"))
                        {
                            int len =
                                ConvertFromHexAscii("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/cid", out cachedCid);
                            if(len == 0) cachedCid = null;
                        }

                        if(File.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/scr"))
                        {
                            int len =
                                ConvertFromHexAscii("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/scr", out cachedScr);
                            if(len == 0) cachedScr = null;
                        }

                        if(File.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/ocr"))
                        {
                            int len =
                                ConvertFromHexAscii("/sys/block/" + devPath + "/device/ocr", out cachedOcr);
                            if(len == 0) cachedOcr = null;
                        }
                    }

                    break;
                default:
                    scsiSense = ScsiInquiry(out inqBuf, out _);
                    break;
            }

            #region SecureDigital / MultiMediaCard
            if(cachedCid != null)
            {
                ScsiType    = PeripheralDeviceTypes.DirectAccess;
                IsRemovable = false;

                if(cachedScr != null)
                {
                    Type = DeviceType.SecureDigital;
                    CID decoded = Decoders.SecureDigital.Decoders.DecodeCID(cachedCid);
                    Manufacturer = VendorString.Prettify(decoded.Manufacturer);
                    Model        = decoded.ProductName;
                    Revision     = $"{(decoded.ProductRevision & 0xF0) >> 4:X2}.{decoded.ProductRevision & 0x0F:X2}";
                    Serial       = $"{decoded.ProductSerialNumber}";
                }
                else
                {
                    Type = DeviceType.MMC;
                    Decoders.MMC.CID decoded = Decoders.MMC.Decoders.DecodeCID(cachedCid);
                    Manufacturer = Decoders.MMC.VendorString.Prettify(decoded.Manufacturer);
                    Model        = decoded.ProductName;
                    Revision     = $"{(decoded.ProductRevision & 0xF0) >> 4:X2}.{decoded.ProductRevision & 0x0F:X2}";
                    Serial       = $"{decoded.ProductSerialNumber}";
                }
            }
            #endregion SecureDigital / MultiMediaCard

            #region USB
            switch(PlatformId)
            {
                case PlatformID.Linux:
                    if(devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sd", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                       devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sr", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                       devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/st", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    {
                        string devPath = devicePath.Substring(5);
                        if(Directory.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath))
                        {
                            string resolvedLink = Linux.Command.ReadLink("/sys/block/" + devPath);
                            resolvedLink = "/sys" + resolvedLink.Substring(2);
                            if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resolvedLink))
                                while(resolvedLink.Contains("usb"))
                                {
                                    resolvedLink = Path.GetDirectoryName(resolvedLink);
                                    if(!File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/descriptors") ||
                                       !File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/idProduct")   ||
                                       !File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/idVendor")) continue;

                                    FileStream usbFs = new FileStream(resolvedLink + "/descriptors",
                                                                      System.IO.FileMode.Open,
                                                                      System.IO.FileAccess.Read);
                                    byte[] usbBuf   = new byte[65536];
                                    int    usbCount = usbFs.Read(usbBuf, 0, 65536);
                                    UsbDescriptors = new byte[usbCount];
                                    Array.Copy(usbBuf, 0, UsbDescriptors, 0, usbCount);
                                    usbFs.Close();

                                    StreamReader usbSr   = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/idProduct");
                                    string       usbTemp = usbSr.ReadToEnd();
                                    ushort.TryParse(usbTemp, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                                                    out usbProduct);
                                    usbSr.Close();

                                    usbSr   = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/idVendor");
                                    usbTemp = usbSr.ReadToEnd();
                                    ushort.TryParse(usbTemp, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                                                    out usbVendor);
                                    usbSr.Close();

                                    if(File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/manufacturer"))
                                    {
                                        usbSr                 = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/manufacturer");
                                        UsbManufacturerString = usbSr.ReadToEnd().Trim();
                                        usbSr.Close();
                                    }

                                    if(File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/product"))
                                    {
                                        usbSr            = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/product");
                                        UsbProductString = usbSr.ReadToEnd().Trim();
                                        usbSr.Close();
                                    }

                                    if(File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/serial"))
                                    {
                                        usbSr           = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/serial");
                                        UsbSerialString = usbSr.ReadToEnd().Trim();
                                        usbSr.Close();
                                    }

                                    IsUsb = true;
                                    break;
                                }
                        }
                    }

                    break;
                case PlatformID.Win32NT:
                    Usb.UsbDevice usbDevice = null;

                    // I have to search for USB disks, floppies and CD-ROMs as separate device types
                    foreach(string devGuid in new[]
                        {Usb.GuidDevinterfaceFloppy, Usb.GuidDevinterfaceCdrom, Usb.GuidDevinterfaceDisk})
                    {
                        usbDevice = Usb.FindDrivePath(devicePath, devGuid);
                        if(usbDevice != null) break;
                    }

                    if(usbDevice != null)
                    {
                        UsbDescriptors        = usbDevice.BinaryDescriptors;
                        usbVendor             = (ushort)usbDevice.DeviceDescriptor.idVendor;
                        usbProduct            = (ushort)usbDevice.DeviceDescriptor.idProduct;
                        UsbManufacturerString = usbDevice.Manufacturer;
                        UsbProductString      = usbDevice.Product;
                        UsbSerialString =
                            usbDevice.SerialNumber; // This is incorrect filled by Windows with SCSI/ATA serial number
                    }

                    break;
                default:
                    IsUsb = false;
                    break;
            }
            #endregion USB

            #region FireWire
            if(PlatformId == PlatformID.Linux)
            {
                if(devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sd", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                   devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sr", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                   devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/st", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                {
                    string devPath = devicePath.Substring(5);
                    if(Directory.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath))
                    {
                        string resolvedLink = Linux.Command.ReadLink("/sys/block/" + devPath);
                        resolvedLink = "/sys" + resolvedLink.Substring(2);
                        if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resolvedLink))
                            while(resolvedLink.Contains("firewire"))
                            {
                                resolvedLink = Path.GetDirectoryName(resolvedLink);
                                if(!File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/model") || !File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/vendor") ||
                                   !File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/guid")) continue;

                                StreamReader fwSr   = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/model");
                                string       fwTemp = fwSr.ReadToEnd();
                                uint.TryParse(fwTemp, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                                              out firewireModel);
                                fwSr.Close();

                                fwSr   = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/vendor");
                                fwTemp = fwSr.ReadToEnd();
                                uint.TryParse(fwTemp, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                                              out firewireVendor);
                                fwSr.Close();

                                fwSr   = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/guid");
                                fwTemp = fwSr.ReadToEnd();
                                ulong.TryParse(fwTemp, NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                                               out firewireGuid);
                                fwSr.Close();

                                if(File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/model_name"))
                                {
                                    fwSr              = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/model_name");
                                    FireWireModelName = fwSr.ReadToEnd().Trim();
                                    fwSr.Close();
                                }

                                if(File.Exists(resolvedLink + "/vendor_name"))
                                {
                                    fwSr               = new StreamReader(resolvedLink + "/vendor_name");
                                    FireWireVendorName = fwSr.ReadToEnd().Trim();
                                    fwSr.Close();
                                }

                                IsFireWire = true;
                                break;
                            }
                    }
                }
            }
            // TODO: Implement for other operating systems
            else IsFireWire = false;
            #endregion FireWire

            #region PCMCIA
            if(PlatformId == PlatformID.Linux)
            {
                if(devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sd", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                   devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/sr", StringComparison.Ordinal) ||
                   devicePath.StartsWith("/dev/st", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                {
                    string devPath = devicePath.Substring(5);
                    if(Directory.Exists("/sys/block/" + devPath))
                    {
                        string resolvedLink = Linux.Command.ReadLink("/sys/block/" + devPath);
                        resolvedLink = "/sys" + resolvedLink.Substring(2);
                        if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resolvedLink))
                            while(resolvedLink.Contains("/sys/devices"))
                            {
                                resolvedLink = Path.GetDirectoryName(resolvedLink);
                                if(!Directory.Exists(resolvedLink + "/pcmcia_socket")) continue;

                                string[] subdirs = Directory.GetDirectories(resolvedLink + "/pcmcia_socket",
                                                                            "pcmcia_socket*",
                                                                            SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly);

                                if(subdirs.Length <= 0) continue;

                                string possibleDir = Path.Combine(resolvedLink, "pcmcia_socket", subdirs[0]);
                                if(!File.Exists(possibleDir + "/card_type") || !File.Exists(possibleDir + "/cis"))
                                    continue;

                                FileStream cisFs = new FileStream(possibleDir + "/cis", System.IO.FileMode.Open,
                                                                  System.IO.FileAccess.Read);
                                byte[] cisBuf   = new byte[65536];
                                int    cisCount = cisFs.Read(cisBuf, 0, 65536);
                                Cis = new byte[cisCount];
                                Array.Copy(cisBuf, 0, Cis, 0, cisCount);
                                cisFs.Close();

                                IsPcmcia = true;
                                break;
                            }
                    }
                }
            }
            // TODO: Implement for other operating systems
            else IsPcmcia = false;
            #endregion PCMCIA

            if(!scsiSense)
            {
                Inquiry.SCSIInquiry? inquiry = Inquiry.Decode(inqBuf);

                Type = DeviceType.SCSI;
                bool serialSense        = ScsiInquiry(out inqBuf, out _, 0x80);
                if(!serialSense) Serial = EVPD.DecodePage80(inqBuf);

                if(inquiry.HasValue)
                {
                    string tmp               = StringHandlers.CToString(inquiry.Value.ProductRevisionLevel);
                    if(tmp != null) Revision = tmp.Trim();
                    tmp = StringHandlers.CToString(inquiry.Value.ProductIdentification);
                    if(tmp != null) Model = tmp.Trim();
                    tmp = StringHandlers.CToString(inquiry.Value.VendorIdentification);
                    if(tmp != null) Manufacturer = tmp.Trim();
                    IsRemovable = inquiry.Value.RMB;

                    ScsiType = (PeripheralDeviceTypes)inquiry.Value.PeripheralDeviceType;
                }

                bool atapiSense = AtapiIdentify(out ataBuf, out _);

                if(!atapiSense)
                {
                    Type = DeviceType.ATAPI;
                    Identify.IdentifyDevice? ataId = Identify.Decode(ataBuf);

                    if(ataId.HasValue) Serial = ataId.Value.SerialNumber;
                }

                LastError = 0;
                Error     = false;
            }

            if(scsiSense && (IsUsb || IsFireWire) || Manufacturer == "ATA")
            {
                bool ataSense = AtaIdentify(out ataBuf, out _);
                if(!ataSense)
                {
                    Type = DeviceType.ATA;
                    Identify.IdentifyDevice? ataid = Identify.Decode(ataBuf);

                    if(ataid.HasValue)
                    {
                        string[] separated = ataid.Value.Model.Split(' ');

                        if(separated.Length == 1) Model = separated[0];
                        else
                        {
                            Manufacturer = separated[0];
                            Model        = separated[separated.Length - 1];
                        }

                        Revision = ataid.Value.FirmwareRevision;
                        Serial   = ataid.Value.SerialNumber;

                        ScsiType = PeripheralDeviceTypes.DirectAccess;

                        if((ushort)ataid.Value.GeneralConfiguration != 0x848A)
                            IsRemovable |=
                                (ataid.Value.GeneralConfiguration & Identify.GeneralConfigurationBit.Removable) ==
                                Identify.GeneralConfigurationBit.Removable;
                        else IsCompactFlash = true;
                    }
                }
            }

            if(Type == DeviceType.Unknown)
            {
                Manufacturer = null;
                Model        = null;
                Revision     = null;
                Serial       = null;
            }

            if(IsUsb)
            {
                if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(Manufacturer)) Manufacturer = UsbManufacturerString;
                if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(Model)) Model               = UsbProductString;
                if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(Serial)) Serial = UsbSerialString;
                else
                    foreach(char c in Serial.Where(char.IsControl))
                        Serial = UsbSerialString;
            }

            if(!IsFireWire) return;

            if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(Manufacturer)) Manufacturer = FireWireVendorName;
            if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(Model)) Model               = FireWireModelName;
            if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(Serial)) Serial = $"{firewireGuid:X16}";
            else
                foreach(char c in Serial.Where(char.IsControl))
                    Serial = $"{firewireGuid:X16}";
        }

        static int ConvertFromHexAscii(string file, out byte[] outBuf)
        {
            StreamReader sr  = new StreamReader(file);
            string       ins = sr.ReadToEnd().Trim();
            outBuf = new byte[ins.Length / 2];
            int count = 0;

            try
            {
                for(int i = 0; i < ins.Length; i += 2)
                {
                    outBuf[i / 2] = Convert.ToByte(ins.Substring(i, 2), 16);
                    count++;
                }
            }
            catch { count = 0; }

            sr.Close();
            return count;
        }
    }
}