🎨Changed IReadOnlyFilesystem so methods that only output don't get passed as ref.

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleDOS/Dir.cs

@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Link path.</param>
         /// <param name="dest">Link destination.</param>
-        public Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest)
+        public Errno ReadLink(string path, out string dest)
         {
+            dest = null;
             return !mounted ? Errno.AccessDenied : Errno.NotSupported;
         }
 
@@ -55,8 +56,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Directory path.</param>
         /// <param name="contents">Directory contents.</param>
-        public Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents)
+        public Errno ReadDir(string path, out List<string> contents)
         {
+            contents = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path) && string.Compare(path, "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != 0)

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleDOS/File.cs

@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
 {
     public partial class AppleDOS
     {
-        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes)
+        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, out FileAttributes attributes)
         {
+            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
@@ -51,7 +52,6 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
 
             if(!fileCache.ContainsKey(filename)) return Errno.NoSuchFile;
 
-            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             attributes = FileAttributes.Extents;
             attributes |= FileAttributes.File;
             if(lockedFiles.Contains(filename)) attributes |= FileAttributes.ReadOnly;
@@ -103,8 +103,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat)
+        public Errno Stat(string path, out FileEntryInfo stat)
         {
+            stat = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
@@ -115,12 +116,10 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
 
             if(!fileCache.ContainsKey(filename)) return Errno.NoSuchFile;
 
-            FileAttributes attrs = new FileAttributes();
+            stat = new FileEntryInfo();
 
             fileSizeCache.TryGetValue(filename, out int filesize);
-            GetAttributes(path, ref attrs);
+            GetAttributes(path, out FileAttributes attrs);
-
-            stat = new FileEntryInfo();
 
             if(debug && (string.Compare(path, "$", StringComparison.InvariantCulture) == 0 ||
                          string.Compare(path, "$Boot", StringComparison.InvariantCulture) == 0 ||
@@ -148,8 +147,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock)
+        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, out long deviceBlock)
         {
+            deviceBlock = 0;
             // TODO: Not really important.
             return !mounted ? Errno.AccessDenied : Errno.NotImplemented;
         }

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleDOS/Super.cs

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
         ///     Gets information about the mounted volume.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stat">Information about the mounted volume.</param>
-        public Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat)
+        public Errno StatFs(out FileSystemInfo stat)
         {
             stat = new FileSystemInfo
             {

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleDOS/Xattr.cs

@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleDOS
         /// <returns>Error number.</returns>
         /// <param name="path">Path.</param>
         /// <param name="xattrs">List of extended attributes, alternate data streams and forks.</param>
-        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs)
+        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, out List<string> xattrs)
         {
+            xattrs = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleMFS/Dir.cs

@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
     // Information from Inside Macintosh Volume II
     public partial class AppleMFS
     {
-        public Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents)
+        public Errno ReadDir(string path, out List<string> contents)
         {
+            contents = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path) && string.Compare(path, "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != 0)

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleMFS/File.cs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
     // Information from Inside Macintosh Volume II
     public partial class AppleMFS
     {
-        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock)
+        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, out long deviceBlock)
         {
             deviceBlock = new long();
 
@@ -75,8 +75,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
             return Errno.InOutError;
         }
 
-        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes)
+        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, out FileAttributes attributes)
         {
+            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
@@ -86,7 +87,6 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
 
             if(!idToEntry.TryGetValue(fileId, out MFS_FileEntry entry)) return Errno.NoSuchFile;
 
-            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             MFS_FinderFlags fdFlags = (MFS_FinderFlags)BigEndianBitConverter.ToUInt16(entry.flUsrWds, 0x08);
 
             if(fdFlags.HasFlag(MFS_FinderFlags.kIsAlias)) attributes |= FileAttributes.Alias;
@@ -142,8 +142,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat)
+        public Errno Stat(string path, out FileEntryInfo stat)
         {
+            stat = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
@@ -196,8 +197,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
 
             if(!idToEntry.TryGetValue(fileId, out MFS_FileEntry entry)) return Errno.NoSuchFile;
 
-            FileAttributes attr = new FileAttributes();
+            Errno error = GetAttributes(path, out FileAttributes attr);
-            Errno error = GetAttributes(path, ref attr);
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
             stat = new FileEntryInfo
@@ -219,8 +219,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest)
+        public Errno ReadLink(string path, out string dest)
         {
+            dest = null;
             return Errno.NotImplemented;
         }
 

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleMFS/Super.cs

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat)
+        public Errno StatFs(out FileSystemInfo stat)
         {
             stat = new FileSystemInfo
             {

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/AppleMFS/Xattr.cs

@@ -40,8 +40,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.AppleMFS
     // Information from Inside Macintosh Volume II
     public partial class AppleMFS
     {
-        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs)
+        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, out List<string> xattrs)
         {
+            xattrs = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/CPM/Dir.cs

@@ -39,14 +39,15 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.CPM
 {
     partial class CPM
     {
-        public Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents)
+        public Errno ReadDir(string path, out List<string> contents)
         {
+            contents = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path) && string.Compare(path, "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != 0)
                 return Errno.NotSupported;
 
-            contents = dirList;
+            contents = new List<string>(dirList);
 
             return Errno.NoError;
         }

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/CPM/File.cs

@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.CPM
 {
     partial class CPM
     {
-        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes)
+        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, out FileAttributes attributes)
         {
+            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
@@ -59,8 +60,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.CPM
         }
 
         // TODO: Implementing this would require storing the interleaving
-        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock)
+        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, out long deviceBlock)
         {
+            deviceBlock = 0;
             return !mounted ? Errno.AccessDenied : Errno.NotImplemented;
         }
 
@@ -90,30 +92,29 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.CPM
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest)
+        public Errno ReadLink(string path, out string dest)
         {
+            dest = null;
             return !mounted ? Errno.AccessDenied : Errno.NotSupported;
         }
 
-        public Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat)
+        public Errno Stat(string path, out FileEntryInfo stat)
         {
+            stat = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
             if(pathElements.Length != 1) return Errno.NotSupported;
 
-            if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(path) || string.Compare(path, "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == 0)
+            if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path) && string.Compare(path, "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != 0)
-            {
+                return statCache.TryGetValue(pathElements[0].ToUpperInvariant(), out stat)
-                if(labelCreationDate != null) stat.CreationTime = DateHandlers.CpmToDateTime(labelCreationDate);
+                           ? Errno.NoError
-                if(labelUpdateDate != null) stat.StatusChangeTime = DateHandlers.CpmToDateTime(labelUpdateDate);
+                           : Errno.NoSuchFile;
-                stat.Attributes = FileAttributes.Directory;
-                stat.BlockSize = XmlFsType.ClusterSize;
-                return Errno.NoError;
-            }
 
-            return statCache.TryGetValue(pathElements[0].ToUpperInvariant(), out stat)
+            stat = new FileEntryInfo {Attributes = FileAttributes.Directory, BlockSize = XmlFsType.ClusterSize};
-                       ? Errno.NoError
+            if(labelCreationDate != null) stat.CreationTime = DateHandlers.CpmToDateTime(labelCreationDate);
-                       : Errno.NoSuchFile;
+            if(labelUpdateDate != null) stat.StatusChangeTime = DateHandlers.CpmToDateTime(labelUpdateDate);
+            return Errno.NoError;
         }
     }
 }

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/CPM/Super.cs

@@ -686,8 +686,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.CPM
         ///     Gets information about the mounted volume.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stat">Information about the mounted volume.</param>
-        public Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat)
+        public Errno StatFs(out FileSystemInfo stat)
         {
+            stat = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             stat = cpmStat;

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/CPM/Xattr.cs

@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.CPM
         /// <returns>Error number.</returns>
         /// <param name="path">Path.</param>
         /// <param name="xattrs">List of extended attributes, alternate data streams and forks.</param>
-        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs)
+        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, out List<string> xattrs)
         {
+            xattrs = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/IReadOnlyFilesystem.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems
         /// <param name="path">File path.</param>
         /// <param name="fileBlock">File block.</param>
         /// <param name="deviceBlock">Device block.</param>
-        Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock);
+        Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, out long deviceBlock);
 
         /// <summary>
         ///     Gets the attributes of a file or directory
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems
         /// <returns>Error number.</returns>
         /// <param name="path">File path.</param>
         /// <param name="attributes">File attributes.</param>
-        Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes);
+        Errno GetAttributes(string path, out FileAttributes attributes);
 
         /// <summary>
         ///     Lists all extended attributes, alternate data streams and forks of the given file.
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems
         /// <returns>Error number.</returns>
         /// <param name="path">Path.</param>
         /// <param name="xattrs">List of extended attributes, alternate data streams and forks.</param>
-        Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs);
+        Errno ListXAttr(string path, out List<string> xattrs);
 
         /// <summary>
         ///     Reads an extended attribute, alternate data stream or fork from the given file.
@@ -110,26 +110,26 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Directory path.</param>
         /// <param name="contents">Directory contents.</param>
-        Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents);
+        Errno ReadDir(string path, out List<string> contents);
 
         /// <summary>
         ///     Gets information about the mounted volume.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stat">Information about the mounted volume.</param>
-        Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat);
+        Errno StatFs(out FileSystemInfo stat);
 
         /// <summary>
         ///     Gets information about a file or directory.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">File path.</param>
         /// <param name="stat">File information.</param>
-        Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat);
+        Errno Stat(string path, out FileEntryInfo stat);
 
         /// <summary>
         ///     Solves a symbolic link.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Link path.</param>
         /// <param name="dest">Link destination.</param>
-        Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest);
+        Errno ReadLink(string path, out string dest);
     }
 }

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/LisaFS/Dir.cs

@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Link path.</param>
         /// <param name="dest">Link destination.</param>
-        public Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest)
+        public Errno ReadLink(string path, out string dest)
         {
+            dest = null;
             // LisaFS does not support symbolic links (afaik)
             return Errno.NotSupported;
         }
@@ -56,8 +57,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="path">Directory path.</param>
         /// <param name="contents">Directory contents.</param>
-        public Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents)
+        public Errno ReadDir(string path, out List<string> contents)
         {
+            contents = null;
             Errno error = LookupFileId(path, out short fileId, out bool isDir);
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
             if(error != Errno.NoError)
                 return error;*/
 
-            ReadDir(fileId, ref contents);
+            ReadDir(fileId, out contents);
 
             // On debug add system files as readable files
             // Syntax similar to NTFS
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        Errno ReadDir(short dirId, ref List<string> contents)
+        Errno ReadDir(short dirId, out List<string> contents)
         {
             // Do same trick as Mac OS X, replace filesystem '/' with '-',
             // as '-' is the path separator in Lisa OS

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/LisaFS/Extent.cs

@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
 {
     public partial class LisaFS
     {
-        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock)
+        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, out long deviceBlock)
         {
+            deviceBlock = 0;
             // TODO: Not really important.
             return Errno.NotImplemented;
         }

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/LisaFS/File.cs

@@ -39,14 +39,15 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
 {
     public partial class LisaFS
     {
-        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes)
+        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, out FileAttributes attributes)
         {
+            attributes = new FileAttributes();
+
             Errno error = LookupFileId(path, out short fileId, out bool isDir);
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
-            if(!isDir) return GetAttributes(fileId, ref attributes);
+            if(!isDir) return GetAttributes(fileId, out attributes);
 
-            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             attributes = FileAttributes.Directory;
 
             return Errno.NoError;
@@ -94,16 +95,18 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat)
+        public Errno Stat(string path, out FileEntryInfo stat)
         {
+            stat = null;
             Errno error = LookupFileId(path, out short fileId, out bool isDir);
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
             return isDir ? StatDir(fileId, out stat) : Stat(fileId, out stat);
         }
 
-        Errno GetAttributes(short fileId, ref FileAttributes attributes)
+        Errno GetAttributes(short fileId, out FileAttributes attributes)
         {
+            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             if(fileId < 4)
@@ -123,8 +126,6 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
 
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
-            attributes = new FileAttributes();
-
             switch(extFile.ftype)
             {
                 case FileType.Spool:
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
                 {
                     stat = new FileEntryInfo {Attributes = new FileAttributes()};
 
-                    error = GetAttributes(fileId, ref stat.Attributes);
+                    error = GetAttributes(fileId, out stat.Attributes);
                     if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
                     if(fileId < 0 && fileId != FILEID_BOOT_SIGNED && fileId != FILEID_LOADER_SIGNED)
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
                 }
 
             stat = new FileEntryInfo {Attributes = new FileAttributes()};
-            error = GetAttributes(fileId, ref stat.Attributes);
+            error = GetAttributes(fileId, out stat.Attributes);
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
             error = ReadExtentsFile(fileId, out file);

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/LisaFS/Super.cs

@@ -340,8 +340,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
         ///     Gets information about the mounted volume.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stat">Information about the mounted volume.</param>
-        public Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat)
+        public Errno StatFs(out FileSystemInfo stat)
         {
+            stat = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             stat = new FileSystemInfo

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/LisaFS/Xattr.cs

@@ -46,12 +46,13 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
         /// <returns>Error number.</returns>
         /// <param name="path">Path.</param>
         /// <param name="xattrs">List of extended attributes, alternate data streams and forks.</param>
-        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs)
+        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, out List<string> xattrs)
         {
+            xattrs = null;
             Errno error = LookupFileId(path, out short fileId, out bool isDir);
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
-            return isDir ? Errno.InvalidArgument : ListXAttr(fileId, ref xattrs);
+            return isDir ? Errno.InvalidArgument : ListXAttr(fileId, out xattrs);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.LisaFS
         /// <returns>Error number.</returns>
         /// <param name="fileId">File identifier.</param>
         /// <param name="xattrs">Extended attributes.</param>
-        Errno ListXAttr(short fileId, ref List<string> xattrs)
+        Errno ListXAttr(short fileId, out List<string> xattrs)
         {
             xattrs = null;
 

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/UCSDPascal/Dir.cs

@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
     // Information from Call-A.P.P.L.E. Pascal Disk Directory Structure
     public partial class PascalPlugin
     {
-        public Errno ReadDir(string path, ref List<string> contents)
+        public Errno ReadDir(string path, out List<string> contents)
         {
+            contents = null;
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(path) && string.Compare(path, "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != 0)

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/UCSDPascal/File.cs

@@ -38,13 +38,15 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
     // Information from Call-A.P.P.L.E. Pascal Disk Directory Structure
     public partial class PascalPlugin
     {
-        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, ref long deviceBlock)
+        public Errno MapBlock(string path, long fileBlock, out long deviceBlock)
         {
+            deviceBlock = 0;
             return !mounted ? Errno.AccessDenied : Errno.NotImplemented;
         }
 
-        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, ref FileAttributes attributes)
+        public Errno GetAttributes(string path, out FileAttributes attributes)
         {
+            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
@@ -54,7 +56,6 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
 
             if(error != Errno.NoError) return error;
 
-            attributes = new FileAttributes();
             attributes = FileAttributes.File;
 
             return error;
@@ -94,11 +95,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno Stat(string path, ref FileEntryInfo stat)
+        public Errno Stat(string path, out FileEntryInfo stat)
         {
-            if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
+            stat = null;
-
-            if(!mounted) return Errno.AccessDenied;
 
             string[] pathElements = path.Split(new[] {'/'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
             if(pathElements.Length != 1) return Errno.NotSupported;

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/UCSDPascal/Super.cs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
             return Errno.NoError;
         }
 
-        public Errno StatFs(ref FileSystemInfo stat)
+        public Errno StatFs(out FileSystemInfo stat)
         {
             stat = new FileSystemInfo
             {

DiscImageChef.Filesystems/UCSDPascal/UCSDPascal.cs

@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
         public Guid Id => new Guid("B0AC2CB5-72AA-473A-9200-270B5A2C2D53");
         public Encoding Encoding { get; private set; }
 
-        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, ref List<string> xattrs)
+        public Errno ListXAttr(string path, out List<string> xattrs)
         {
+            xattrs = null;
             return Errno.NotSupported;
         }
 
@@ -66,8 +67,9 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Filesystems.UCSDPascal
             return Errno.NotSupported;
         }
 
-        public Errno ReadLink(string path, ref string dest)
+        public Errno ReadLink(string path, out string dest)
         {
+            dest = null;
             return Errno.NotSupported;
         }
     }

DiscImageChef/Commands/ExtractFiles.cs

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                     if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     {
                                         List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                        error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                        error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                             foreach(string entry in rootDir)
                                             {
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                                         ? "NO NAME"
                                                         : fs.XmlFsType.VolumeName;
 
-                                                error = fs.Stat(entry, ref stat);
+                                                error = fs.Stat(entry, out stat);
                                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                                 {
                                                     string outputPath;
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                                     {
                                                         List<string> xattrs = new List<string>();
 
-                                                        error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, ref xattrs);
+                                                        error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, out xattrs);
                                                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                                             foreach(string xattr in xattrs)
                                                             {
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                             if(error == Errno.NoError)
                             {
                                 List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     foreach(string entry in rootDir)
                                     {
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                                 ? "NO NAME"
                                                 : fs.XmlFsType.VolumeName;
 
-                                        error = fs.Stat(entry, ref stat);
+                                        error = fs.Stat(entry, out stat);
                                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                         {
                                             FileStream outputFile;
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                             {
                                                 List<string> xattrs = new List<string>();
 
-                                                error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, ref xattrs);
+                                                error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, out xattrs);
                                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                                     foreach(string xattr in xattrs)
                                                     {
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                             if(error == Errno.NoError)
                             {
                                 List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     foreach(string entry in rootDir)
                                     {
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                                 ? "NO NAME"
                                                 : fs.XmlFsType.VolumeName;
 
-                                        error = fs.Stat(entry, ref stat);
+                                        error = fs.Stat(entry, out stat);
                                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                         {
                                             FileStream outputFile;
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                             {
                                                 List<string> xattrs = new List<string>();
 
-                                                error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, ref xattrs);
+                                                error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, out xattrs);
                                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                                     foreach(string xattr in xattrs)
                                                     {
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                     if(error == Errno.NoError)
                     {
                         List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                        error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                        error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                             foreach(string entry in rootDir)
                             {
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                                         ? "NO NAME"
                                                         : fs.XmlFsType.VolumeName;
 
-                                error = fs.Stat(entry, ref stat);
+                                error = fs.Stat(entry, out stat);
                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                 {
                                     string outputPath;
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                     {
                                         List<string> xattrs = new List<string>();
 
-                                        error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, ref xattrs);
+                                        error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, out xattrs);
                                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                             foreach(string xattr in xattrs)
                                             {

DiscImageChef/Commands/Ls.cs

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                     if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     {
                                         List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                        error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                        error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                         if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                             foreach(string entry in rootDir) DicConsole.WriteLine("{0}", entry);
                                         else
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                             if(error == Errno.NoError)
                             {
                                 List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     foreach(string entry in rootDir) DicConsole.WriteLine("{0}", entry);
                                 else
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                             if(error == Errno.NoError)
                             {
                                 List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     foreach(string entry in rootDir) DicConsole.WriteLine("{0}", entry);
                                 else
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                             if(error == Errno.NoError)
                             {
                                 List<string> rootDir = new List<string>();
-                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", ref rootDir);
+                                error = fs.ReadDir("/", out rootDir);
                                 if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                     foreach(string entry in rootDir)
                                         if(options.Long)
@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@ namespace DiscImageChef.Commands
                                             FileEntryInfo stat = new FileEntryInfo();
                                             List<string> xattrs = new List<string>();
 
-                                            error = fs.Stat(entry, ref stat);
+                                            error = fs.Stat(entry, out stat);
                                             if(error == Errno.NoError)
                                             {
                                                 DicConsole.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2} bytes\t{3}", stat.CreationTimeUtc,
                                                                      stat.Inode, stat.Length, entry);
 
-                                                error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, ref xattrs);
+                                                error = fs.ListXAttr(entry, out xattrs);
                                                 if(error != Errno.NoError) continue;
 
                                                 foreach(string xattr in xattrs)