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Aaru/Aaru.Partitions/NeXT.cs

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// /***************************************************************************
// Aaru Data Preservation Suite
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Filename : NeXT.cs
// Author(s) : Natalia Portillo <claunia@claunia.com>
//
// Component : Partitioning scheme plugins.
//
// --[ Description ] ----------------------------------------------------------
//
// Manages NeXTStep and OpenStep disklabels.
//
// --[ License ] --------------------------------------------------------------
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
// License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright © 2011-2025 Natalia Portillo
// ****************************************************************************/
// Information learnt from XNU source and testing against real disks
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using Aaru.CommonTypes;
using Aaru.CommonTypes.Attributes;
using Aaru.CommonTypes.Enums;
using Aaru.CommonTypes.Interfaces;
using Aaru.Helpers;
using Aaru.Logging;
using Marshal = Aaru.Helpers.Marshal;
namespace Aaru.Partitions;
/// <inheritdoc />
/// <summary>Implements decoding of NeXT disklabels</summary>
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "UnusedMember.Local")]
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "UnusedType.Local")]
public sealed partial class NeXTDisklabel : IPartition
{
/// <summary>"NeXT"</summary>
const uint NEXT_MAGIC1 = 0x4E655854;
/// <summary>"dlV2"</summary>
const uint NEXT_MAGIC2 = 0x646C5632;
/// <summary>"dlV3"</summary>
const uint NEXT_MAGIC3 = 0x646C5633;
/// <summary>180</summary>
const ushort DISKTAB_START = 0xB4;
/// <summary>44</summary>
const ushort DISKTAB_ENTRY_SIZE = 0x2C;
const string MODULE_NAME = "NeXT disklabel plugin";
#region IPartition Members
/// <inheritdoc />
public string Name => Localization.NeXTDisklabel_Name;
/// <inheritdoc />
public Guid Id => new("246A6D93-4F1A-1F8A-344D-50187A5513A9");
/// <inheritdoc />
public string Author => Authors.NATALIA_PORTILLO;
/// <inheritdoc />
public bool GetInformation(IMediaImage imagePlugin, out List<Partition> partitions, ulong sectorOffset)
{
var magicFound = false;
byte[] labelSector;
uint sectorSize = imagePlugin.Info.SectorSize is 2352 or 2448 ? 2048 : imagePlugin.Info.SectorSize;
partitions = [];
ulong labelPosition = 0;
ErrorNumber errno;
foreach(ulong i in new ulong[]
{
0, 4, 15, 16
}.TakeWhile(i => i + sectorOffset < imagePlugin.Info.Sectors))
{
errno = imagePlugin.ReadSector(i + sectorOffset, false, out labelSector, out _);
if(errno != ErrorNumber.NoError) continue;
var magic = BigEndianBitConverter.ToUInt32(labelSector, 0x00);
if(magic != NEXT_MAGIC1 && magic != NEXT_MAGIC2 && magic != NEXT_MAGIC3) continue;
magicFound = true;
labelPosition = i + sectorOffset;
break;
}
if(!magicFound) return false;
uint sectorsToRead = 7680 / imagePlugin.Info.SectorSize;
if(7680 % imagePlugin.Info.SectorSize > 0) sectorsToRead++;
errno = imagePlugin.ReadSectors(labelPosition, false, sectorsToRead, out labelSector, out _);
if(errno != ErrorNumber.NoError) return false;
Label label = Marshal.ByteArrayToStructureBigEndian<Label>(labelSector);
var disktabB = new byte[498];
Array.Copy(labelSector, 44, disktabB, 0, 498);
label.dl_dt = Marshal.ByteArrayToStructureBigEndian<DiskTab>(disktabB);
label.dl_dt.d_partitions = new Entry[8];
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_version = 0x{0:X8}", label.dl_version);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_label_blkno = {0}", label.dl_label_blkno);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_size = {0}", label.dl_size);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_label = \"{0}\"", StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_label));
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_flags = {0}", label.dl_flags);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_tag = 0x{0:X8}", label.dl_tag);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_name = \"{0}\"", StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_name));
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_type = \"{0}\"", StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_type));
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_secsize = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_secsize);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_ntracks = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_ntracks);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_nsectors = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_nsectors);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_ncylinders = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_ncylinders);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_rpm = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_rpm);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_front = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_front);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_back = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_back);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_ngroups = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_ngroups);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_ag_size = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_ag_size);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_ag_alts = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_ag_alts);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_ag_off = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_ag_off);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_boot0_blkno[0] = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_boot0_blkno[0]);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_boot0_blkno[1] = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_boot0_blkno[1]);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_bootfile = \"{0}\"",
StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_bootfile));
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_hostname = \"{0}\"",
StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_hostname));
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_rootpartition = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_rootpartition);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_rwpartition = {0}", label.dl_dt.d_rwpartition);
for(var i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
var partB = new byte[44];
Array.Copy(labelSector, 44 + 146 + 44 * i, partB, 0, 44);
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i] = Marshal.ByteArrayToStructureBigEndian<Entry>(partB);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_base = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_base);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_size = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_size);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_bsize = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_bsize);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_fsize = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_fsize);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_opt = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_opt);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_cpg = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_cpg);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_density = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_density);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_minfree = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_minfree);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_newfs = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_newfs);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_mountpt = \"{1}\"",
i,
StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_mountpt));
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_automnt = {1}",
i,
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_automnt);
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME,
"label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_type = \"{1}\"",
i,
StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_type));
if(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_size <= 0 ||
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_base < 0 ||
label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_bsize < 0)
continue;
var sb = new StringBuilder();
var part = new Partition
{
Size = (ulong)(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_size * label.dl_dt.d_secsize),
Offset = (ulong)((label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_base + label.dl_dt.d_front) * label.dl_dt.d_secsize),
Type = StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_type),
Sequence = (ulong)i,
Name = StringHandlers.CToString(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_mountpt),
Length = (ulong)(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_size * label.dl_dt.d_secsize / sectorSize),
Start = (ulong)((label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_base + label.dl_dt.d_front) *
label.dl_dt.d_secsize /
sectorSize),
Scheme = Name
};
if(part.Start + part.Length > imagePlugin.Info.Sectors)
{
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, Localization.Partition_bigger_than_device_reducing);
part.Length = imagePlugin.Info.Sectors - part.Start;
part.Size = part.Length * sectorSize;
AaruLogging.Debug(MODULE_NAME, "label.dl_dt.d_partitions[{0}].p_size = {1}", i, part.Length);
}
sb.AppendFormat(Localization._0_bytes_per_block, label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_bsize).AppendLine();
sb.AppendFormat(Localization._0_bytes_per_fragment, label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_fsize).AppendLine();
if(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_opt == 's')
sb.AppendLine(Localization.Space_optimized);
else if(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_opt == 't')
sb.AppendLine(Localization.Time_optimized);
else
sb.AppendFormat(Localization.Unknown_optimization_0_X2, label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_opt).AppendLine();
sb.AppendFormat(Localization._0_cylinders_per_group, label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_cpg).AppendLine();
sb.AppendFormat(Localization._0_bytes_per_inode, label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_density).AppendLine();
sb.AppendFormat(Localization._0_of_space_must_be_free_at_minimum, label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_minfree)
.AppendLine();
if(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_newfs != 1)
sb.AppendLine(Localization.Filesystem_should_be_formatted_at_start);
if(label.dl_dt.d_partitions[i].p_automnt == 1)
sb.AppendLine(Localization.Filesystem_should_be_automatically_mounted);
part.Description = sb.ToString();
partitions.Add(part);
}
return true;
}
#endregion
#region Nested type: DiskTab
/// <summary>NeXT disktab and partitions, 498 bytes</summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
[SwapEndian]
partial struct DiskTab
{
/// <summary>Drive name</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 24)]
public byte[] d_name;
/// <summary>Drive type</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 24)]
public byte[] d_type;
/// <summary>Sector size</summary>
public int d_secsize;
/// <summary>tracks/cylinder</summary>
public int d_ntracks;
/// <summary>sectors/track</summary>
public int d_nsectors;
/// <summary>cylinders</summary>
public int d_ncylinders;
/// <summary>revolutions/minute</summary>
public int d_rpm;
/// <summary>size of front porch in sectors</summary>
public short d_front;
/// <summary>size of back porch in sectors</summary>
public short d_back;
/// <summary>number of alt groups</summary>
public short d_ngroups;
/// <summary>alt group size in sectors</summary>
public short d_ag_size;
/// <summary>alternate sectors per alt group</summary>
public short d_ag_alts;
/// <summary>sector offset to first alternate</summary>
public short d_ag_off;
/// <summary>"blk 0" boot locations</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 2)]
public int[] d_boot0_blkno;
/// <summary>default bootfile</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 24)]
public byte[] d_bootfile;
/// <summary>host name</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 32)]
public byte[] d_hostname;
/// <summary>root partition</summary>
public byte d_rootpartition;
/// <summary>r/w partition</summary>
public byte d_rwpartition;
/// <summary>partitions</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public Entry[] d_partitions;
}
#endregion
#region Nested type: Entry
/// <summary>Partition entries, 44 bytes each</summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]
[SwapEndian]
partial struct Entry
{
/// <summary>Sector of start, counting from front porch</summary>
public int p_base;
/// <summary>Length in sectors</summary>
public int p_size;
/// <summary>Filesystem's block size</summary>
public short p_bsize;
/// <summary>Filesystem's fragment size</summary>
public short p_fsize;
/// <summary>'s'pace or 't'ime</summary>
public byte p_opt;
/// <summary>Cylinders per group</summary>
public short p_cpg;
/// <summary>Bytes per inode</summary>
public short p_density;
/// <summary>% of minimum free space</summary>
public byte p_minfree;
/// <summary>Should newfs be run on first start?</summary>
public byte p_newfs;
/// <summary>Mount point or empty if mount where you want</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 16)]
public byte[] p_mountpt;
/// <summary>Should automount</summary>
public byte p_automnt;
/// <summary>Filesystem type, always "4.3BSD"?</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 8)]
public byte[] p_type;
}
#endregion
#region Nested type: Label
/// <summary>NeXT v3 disklabel, 544 bytes</summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
[SwapEndian]
partial struct Label
{
/// <summary>Signature</summary>
public uint dl_version;
/// <summary>Block on which this label resides</summary>
public int dl_label_blkno;
/// <summary>Device size in blocks</summary>
public int dl_size;
/// <summary>Device name</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 24)]
public byte[] dl_label;
/// <summary>Device flags</summary>
public uint dl_flags;
/// <summary>Device tag</summary>
public uint dl_tag;
/// <summary>Device info and partitions</summary>
public DiskTab dl_dt;
/// <summary>Checksum</summary>
public ushort dl_v3_checksum;
}
#endregion
#region Nested type: LabelOld
/// <summary>NeXT v1 and v2 disklabel, 7224 bytes</summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
[SwapEndian]
partial struct LabelOld
{
/// <summary>Signature</summary>
public uint dl_version;
/// <summary>Block on which this label resides</summary>
public int dl_label_blkno;
/// <summary>Device size in blocks</summary>
public int dl_size;
/// <summary>Device name</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 24)]
public byte[] dl_label;
/// <summary>Device flags</summary>
public uint dl_flags;
/// <summary>Device tag</summary>
public uint dl_tag;
/// <summary>Device info and partitions</summary>
public DiskTab dl_dt;
/// <summary>Bad sector table</summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 1670)]
public int[] dl_bad;
/// <summary>Checksum</summary>
public ushort dl_checksum;
}
#endregion
}
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