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Natalia Portillo 83917c650e * Apple_Disk_Image.html: Wikipedia entry for UDIF, documents NDIF 
(yes, it's incorrectly named).

* DMG.html: From http://newosxbook.com documents Apple UDIF (aka DMG)
disc image.

* FDISPEC.pdf: Documents FDI disc image.

* NRG_(file_format).html: Wikipedia entry for NRG disc image format,
documents fields.

* Virtual Hard Disk Format Spec_10_18_06.doc: Documents
VirtualPC/Hyper-V vhd and vhdx.

* Windows Imaging File Format.rtf: Documents Microsoft WIM disc image.

* qcow-image-format-version-1.html: Documents QCOW image format.

* qcow-image-format.html: Documents QCOW2 image format.

* vmdk_specs.pdf: Documents VMWare disc images.
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">NRG (file format)</span></h1>
<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation">
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image">
<div style="width:52px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></div>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(November 2011)</i></small></span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="infobox" cellspacing="3" style="border-spacing:3px;width:22em;">
<caption>NRG</caption>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:0.225em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th>
<td><code>.nrg</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:0.225em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;;"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier&#160;(UTI)</a></th>
<td>com.nero.nrg-image</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:0.225em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;;">UTI&#160;conformation</th>
<td>public.iso-image,<br />
com.apple.disk-image,<br />
public.archive,<br />
public.data,<br />
public.item,<br />
public.disk-image</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:0.225em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;;">Developed&#160;by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Nero_AG" title="Nero AG">Nero AG</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:0.225em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;;">Type of format</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Disk_image" title="Disk image">disk image</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:0.225em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;;"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" title="Digital container format">Container&#160;for</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Filesystem" title="Filesystem" class="mw-redirect">filesystem</a> and volumes</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="hatnote">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NRG_(disambiguation)" title="NRG (disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect">NRG</a>.</div>
<p>A <b>.nrg</b> file is a proprietary <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc" title="Compact Disc" class="mw-redirect">CD</a> image file format used by <a href="/wiki/Nero_Burning_ROM" title="Nero Burning ROM">Nero Burning ROM</a>, a utility suite made by <a href="/wiki/Nero_AG" title="Nero AG">Nero&#160;AG</a>, to create and burn CD images.</p>
<p>Other than Nero Burning ROM, a variety of software titles can use these image files. For example, <a href="/wiki/PowerISO" title="PowerISO">PowerISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_120%25" title="Alcohol 120%">Alcohol 120%</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Daemon_Tools" title="Daemon Tools">Daemon Tools</a> can <a href="/wiki/Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">mount</a> NRG files onto <a href="/wiki/RAM_drive" title="RAM drive">virtual drives</a> for reading.</p>
<p>Contrary to popular belief, .nrg files are not <a href="/wiki/ISO_image" title="ISO image">ISO images</a> with .nrg extension and a header attached.</p>
<p></p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Converting_nrg_files"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Converting nrg files</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#File_format"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">File format</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Header"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Header</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Chunks"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chunks</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#.28CUES.29_Cue_Sheet"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">(CUES) Cue Sheet</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#.28DAOI.29_DAO_Information"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">(DAOI) DAO Information</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#.28CDTX.29_CD-text"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">(CDTX) CD-text</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#.28ETNF.29_Extended_Track_Information"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">(ETNF) Extended Track Information</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#.28SINF.29_Session_Information"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">(SINF) Session Information</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#.28MTYP.29_Media_Type.3F"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">(MTYP) Media Type?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#.28DINF.29_Disc_Information.3F"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.7</span> <span class="toctext">(DINF) Disc Information?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#.28TOCT.29_TOC_T.3F"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.8</span> <span class="toctext">(TOCT) TOC T?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#.28RELO.29"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.9</span> <span class="toctext">(RELO)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#.28END.21.29_End_of_chain"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.10</span> <span class="toctext">(END!) End of chain</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Emulating.2Fediting_software_supporting_NRG"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Emulating/editing software supporting NRG</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Converting_nrg_files">Converting nrg files</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Converting nrg files">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>There are several tools available to convert a <code>.nrg</code> data file into an ISO 9660 CD image. Note that converting a cd image <code>.nrg</code> multitrack (data + audio tracks) to ISO involve the loss of audio tracks.</p>
<ul>
<li>Free but not Open Source tools include:
<ul>
<li><b>nrgtoiso</b> — Windows freeware. Converts a Nero NRG file (CD Image) to a standard ISO CD Image file.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Open Source <a href="/wiki/Command_line_interface" title="Command line interface" class="mw-redirect">command line</a> tools include:
<ul>
<li><b>nrg2iso</b> — cross-platform. <a href="/wiki/Hard_coding" title="Hard coding">Hardcoded</a> to read all nrg files as <a href="/wiki/Disc_At_Once" title="Disc At Once" class="mw-redirect">disc at once</a> (DAO) type causing it to fail on <a href="/wiki/Track_At_Once" title="Track At Once" class="mw-redirect">track at once</a> (TAO) type images.</li>
<li><b>iat</b> — cross-platform. Tool for detecting the structure of many types of CD/DVD image and convert image CD/DVD to ISO9660.</li>
<li><b>fusenrg</b> — for <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems. Hardcoded to read all nrg files as <a href="/wiki/Disc_At_Once" title="Disc At Once" class="mw-redirect">disc at once</a> (DAO).</li>
<li><b>nrg4iso</b> — (project abandoned by author - last updated Oct 2007) for Unix-like systems (including Mac OS X). Can convert both DAO and TAO images into ISO 9660 CD images. Does NOT support DAO with multiple tracks.</li>
<li><b>eNeRGy</b> — Mac OS X, based on nrg4iso, has a graphical user interface.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Shareware tools include:
<ul>
<li><b>PowerISO</b> — converts from nrg to ISO as well as allows for browsing and extracting individual files from a nrg data file.</li>
<li><b>MagicIso</b> — Is another powerful tool converts from nrg to ISO as well as allows for browsing and extracting individual files from a nrg data file.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The data contents of NRG files can be extracted directly without creating an ISO image using <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> file <a href="/wiki/File_archiver" title="File archiver">archivers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/IZArc" title="IZArc">IZArc</a>.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="File_format">File format</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: File format">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation">
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image">
<div style="width:52px;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f4/Ambox_content.png" width="40" height="40" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div>
</td>
<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please <a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <small><i>(May 2010)</i></small></span></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><i>The file format specification below is unofficial and as such is lacking some data. There may also be errors.</i></p>
<p>The nrg file format uses a variation of the <a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">Interchange File Format</a> (IFF) and stores data in a chain of "chunks". All integer values are stored <a href="/wiki/Signedness" title="Signedness">unsigned</a> in big endian <a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">byte order</a>. Version 1 nrg format stores values as 32bit integers. Nero Burning ROM v5.5 introduced a new nrg file format, version 2, with support for 64bit integers.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Header">Header</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Header">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The nrg format does not store its data as a header at the beginning of a file. It is instead attached at the end of the file like a footer. Image information is stored as a serialized chain of <a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a> chunks. To get the offset of the first chunk one must read the nrg footer from the last 8 or 12 bytes of the file.</p>
<div>
<table style="width: 100%; background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed; border:none; border-spacing:0;" role="presentation">
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td>
<div style="margin-right:20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Nero footer (Version 1)</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"NERO"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Offset of the first chunk data chain</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div style="margin-right: 20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Nero footer (Version 2)</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"NER5"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td>64bit</td>
<td>Offset of the first chunk data chain</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chunks">Chunks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Chunks">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28CUES.29_Cue_Sheet">(CUES) Cue Sheet</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: (CUES) Cue Sheet">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in all versions of nrg file format.</p>
<p>The CUEX chunk is the concatenation of fixed-size blocks, each one representing a cue point.</p>
<p>The index0 points are present even when they are identical to the index1 ones. The index0 points in audio tracks are incorrect if Nero has been asked to record all the sub-channel data (in that case the sector size is 2448 bytes). No index other than 0 or 1 has been encountered, although the chunk format allows for such cue points to be recorded; thus the number of cue blocks seems to be always 2*(#track + 1): two indices for each track, an index0 for the lead-in and an index1 for the lead-out.</p>
<div>
<table style="width: 100%; background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed; border:none; border-spacing:0;" role="presentation">
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td>
<div style="margin-right:20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 1</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"CUES"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div style="margin-right: 20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"CUEX"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Mode (values found: 0x01 for audio; 0x21 for non copyright-protected audio; 0x41 for data)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Track number (BCD coded; 0xAA for the lead-out area)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Index number (probably BCD coded)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Padding? (always zero found)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>LBA position in sectors (signed integer value)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28DAOI.29_DAO_Information">(DAOI) DAO Information</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: (DAOI) DAO Information">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in all versions of nrg file format.</p>
<p>DAOI chunks store disc at once sessions specific information in two parts. The first part contains data that is specific for the session only. The second part repeats track specific information (grey) once for each track. Parse the SINF chunks to get the number of tracks for a specific session.</p>
<div>
<table style="width: 100%; background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed; border:none; border-spacing:0;" role="presentation">
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td>
<div style="margin-right:20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 1</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"DAOI"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes) big endian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes) little endian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>14</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td>UPC</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Toc type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>First track</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Last track</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>12</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td>ISRC</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Sector size</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Mode</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Index0 (Pre gap)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Index1 (Start of track)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Index2 (End of track + 1)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div style="margin-right: 20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"DAOX"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes) big endian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes) (big endian already encountered; maybe also little endian on some machines)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td>Text</td>
<td>UPC (or NULLs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Padding? (always NULL found)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>16bit</td>
<td>Toc type (values already found: 0x0000 for audio; 0x0001 for data; 0x2001 for Mode 2/form 1 data)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>First track in the session</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Last track in the session</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>12</td>
<td>Text</td>
<td>ISRC (or NULLs)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>2</td>
<td>16bit</td>
<td>Sector size in the image file (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>2</td>
<td>16bit</td>
<td>Mode of the data in the image file (values already found: 0x0700 for audio; 0x1000 for audio with sub-channel; 0x0000 for data; 0x0500 for raw data; 0x0f00 for raw data with sub-channel; 0x0300 for Mode 2 Form 1 data; 0x0600 for raw Mode 2/form 1 data; 0x1100 for raw Mode 2/form 1 data with sub-channel)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>2</td>
<td>16bit</td>
<td>Unknown (always 0x0001 found)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>8</td>
<td>64bit</td>
<td>Index0 (Pre-gap) (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>8</td>
<td>64bit</td>
<td>Index1 (Start of track) (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>8</td>
<td>64bit</td>
<td>End of track + 1 (bytes)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28CDTX.29_CD-text">(CDTX) CD-text</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: (CDTX) CD-text">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in version 2 nrg file format.</p>
<p>The CDTX chunk is the concatenation of raw <a href="/wiki/CD-TEXT" title="CD-TEXT" class="mw-redirect">CD-text</a> packs of 18 bytes each.</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"CDTX"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Pack type</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Pack type (track number)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Pack number in the block</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>1</td>
<td>8bit</td>
<td>Block number etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>12</td>
<td>Text</td>
<td>NULL-separated text strings</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>2</td>
<td>16bit</td>
<td>CRC</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28ETNF.29_Extended_Track_Information">(ETNF) Extended Track Information</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: (ETNF) Extended Track Information">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in all versions of nrg file format.</p>
<p>ETNF chunks are used to store track information for track at once sessions. The data is repeated once for each track. Parse the SINF chunks to get the number of tracks for a specific session.</p>
<div>
<table style="width: 100%; background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed; border:none; border-spacing:0;" role="presentation">
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td>
<div style="margin-right:20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 1</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"ETNF"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Track offset in image</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Track length (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Mode</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Start lba on disc</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td>&#160;?</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td>
<div style="margin-right: 20px;">
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"ETN2"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>8</td>
<td>64bit</td>
<td>Track offset in image</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>8</td>
<td>64bit</td>
<td>Track length (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Mode (values found: 0x7 for audio; 0x0 for data; 0x3 for Mode 2 data)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Start lba on disc (sectors) (the start is after a lead-in of 150 sectors)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Unknown (only zero found)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:silver">
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Track length (sectors)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28SINF.29_Session_Information">(SINF) Session Information</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: (SINF) Session Information">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in all versions of nrg file format.</p>
<p>Session information chunks should be used to quickly scan the image for session and track count. SINF chunks are always listed in sequential order corresponding to the sessions order. To get more details information about a specific session one must parse the corresponding DAOI or ETNF chunk.</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 1 and 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"SINF"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td># tracks in session</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28MTYP.29_Media_Type.3F">(MTYP) Media Type?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: (MTYP) Media Type?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in all versions of nrg file format.</p>
<p><i>This chunk and its use is unknown</i>. A value of 1 (big endian) was found in images of several CD (audio or data; CD-ROM or CD-R).</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 1 and 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"MTYP"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td>&#160;?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28DINF.29_Disc_Information.3F">(DINF) Disc Information?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: (DINF) Disc Information?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Found in TAO images in version 2 of nrg file format. Found in DAO images in version of nrg file format only if Nero was asked not to close the disc.</p>
<p><i>This chunk and its use is unknown</i>.</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2 (and 1?)</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"DINF"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Unknown (found 0x1 for an unclosed disc; 0x0 otherwise)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28TOCT.29_TOC_T.3F">(TOCT) TOC T?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: (TOCT) TOC T?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Found in TAO images in version 2 of nrg file format.</p>
<p><i>This chunk and its use is unknown</i>.</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2 (and 1?)</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"TOCT"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td>Unknown (always zero found)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28RELO.29">(RELO)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: (RELO)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Found in TAO images in version 2 of nrg file format.</p>
<p><i>This chunk and its use is unknown</i>.</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 2 (and 1?)</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"RELO"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (bytes)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>&#160;</td>
<td>Unknown (always zero found)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id=".28END.21.29_End_of_chain">(END!) End of chain</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: (END!) End of chain">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Available in all versions of nrg file format.</p>
<p>End of chain chunk is signals that there are no more chunks to be read.</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Version 1 and 2</caption>
<tr>
<th>Size (bytes)</th>
<th>Type</th>
<th>Value / Purpose</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chunk ID</td>
<td>"END!"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>32bit</td>
<td>Chunk size (always zero)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disk_image" title="Disk image">Disk image</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/.dmg" title=".dmg" class="mw-redirect">DMG (Apple disk image)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ISO_image" title="ISO image">ISO image</a></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Emulating.2Fediting_software_supporting_NRG">Emulating/editing software supporting NRG</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Emulating/editing software supporting NRG">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_120%25" title="Alcohol 120%">Alcohol 120%</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CDemu" title="CDemu">CDemu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daemon_Tools" title="Daemon Tools">Daemon Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IsoBuster" title="IsoBuster">IsoBuster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MagicISO" title="MagicISO">MagicISO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PowerISO" title="PowerISO">PowerISO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roxio_Toast" title="Roxio Toast">Roxio Toast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UltraISO" title="UltraISO">UltraISO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WinCDEmu" title="WinCDEmu">WinCDEmu</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRG_(file_format)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://code.google.com/p/nrg4iso/">nrg4iso</a> — <a href="/wiki/BSD" title="BSD" class="mw-redirect">BSD</a> licensed command line utility. Does not fully support nrg format. Currently abandoned. (<a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gregory.kokanosky.free.fr/v4/linux/nrg2iso.en.html">nrg2iso</a> — <a href="/wiki/Gpl" title="Gpl" class="mw-redirect">GPL</a> licensed command line utility. Does not fully support nrg format. (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iat.berlios.de/">IAT</a> — <a href="/wiki/GPL" title="GPL" class="mw-redirect">GPL</a> licensed command line utility without support for CD-AUDIO</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fusenrg.sourceforge.net">fusenrg</a> — <a href="/wiki/Gpl" title="Gpl" class="mw-redirect">GPL</a> licensed command line utility. Converts NRG to ISO on the fly. Does not fully support nrg format. (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bladesdev.com/">nrg2iso</a> — Windows graphical utility. Does not fully support nrg format. (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imgburn.com/">IMGBURN</a> — Windows Freeware ISO burning software capable of managing the nrg format.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intotheapple.com/segnalazioni/2053-il-software-di-ita-energy.html">eNeRGy</a>' — <a href="/wiki/Gpl" title="Gpl" class="mw-redirect">GPL</a> Mac OS X utility, based on nrg4iso, has a graphical user interface</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrgtoiso.com/">nrgtoiso</a> — Windows Freeware graphical utility. Converts nrg format to iso format.</li>
</ul>
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<div style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Disk_image" title="Disk image">Disk image</a> <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file formats</a></div>
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<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/CloneCD_Control_File" title="CloneCD Control File">CCD/IMG/SUB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sheet_(computing)" title="Cue sheet (computing)">CUE/BIN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/.CSO" title=".CSO">CSO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Access_Archive" title="Direct Access Archive">DAA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IsoBuster" title="IsoBuster">IBP/IBQ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ISO_image" title="ISO image">ISO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UltraISO#ISZ_format" title="UltraISO">ISZ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_Disk_File" title="Mirror Disk File" class="mw-redirect">MDS/MDF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_Data_Extended" title="Media Data Extended" class="mw-redirect">MDX</a></li>
<li><strong class="selflink">NRG</strong></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Disk_Image" title="Apple Disk Image">DMG</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Virtual_Disk" title="Fast Virtual Disk">FVD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IMG_(file_format)" title="IMG (file format)">IMG</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ISO_image" title="ISO image">ISO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Disk_Image_Format" title="New Disk Image Format" class="mw-redirect">NDIF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qcow" title="Qcow">QCOW</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Image_Format" title="Universal Disk Image Format" class="mw-redirect">UDIF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VirtualBox#Virtual_Disk_Image" title="VirtualBox">VDI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VHD_(file_format)" title="VHD (file format)">VHD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VMDK" title="VMDK">VMDK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">WIM</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Disk_File" title="Amiga Disk File">ADF/ADZ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Copy" title="Disk Copy">DC42/DART</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Copy_Fast" title="Disk Copy Fast">DCF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Masher_System" title="Disk Masher System">DMS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IMG_(file_format)" title="IMG (file format)">IMG/IMA/IMZ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Floppy_Disk_(file_type)" title="Virtual Floppy Disk (file type)" class="mw-redirect">VFD</a></li>
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<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">CD-DA</a></th>
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<div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Disc_Description_Protocol" title="Disc Description Protocol">Disc Description Protocol</a></div>
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<td colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
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<div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_disc_image_software" title="Comparison of disc image software">Comparison of disc image software</a></div>
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