close_write.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*
 * This file is part of the Aaru Data Preservation Suite.
 * Copyright (c) 2019-2026 Natalia Portillo.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
 
#include <aaruformat.h>
 
#include "erasure_internal.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "log.h"

static int32_t write_cached_secondary_ddt(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    // Flux-only images carry no DDT.
    if(ctx->no_user_data_ddt) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    // Write cached secondary table to file end and update primary table entry with its position
    // Check if we have a cached table that needs to be written (either it has an offset or exists in memory)
    bool has_cached_secondary_ddt =
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableShift > 0 && (ctx->cached_ddt_offset != 0 || ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2 != NULL);
 
    if(!has_cached_secondary_ddt) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    TRACE("Writing cached secondary DDT table to file");
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t end_of_file = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
 
    // Align the position according to block alignment shift
    uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(end_of_file & alignment_mask)
    {
        // Calculate the next aligned position
        uint64_t aligned_position = end_of_file + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
 
        // Seek to the aligned position and pad with zeros if necessary
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, (aaru_off_t)aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        end_of_file = aligned_position;
 
        TRACE("Aligned DDT write position from %ld to %" PRIu64 " (alignment shift: %d)",
              aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream) - (aligned_position - end_of_file), aligned_position,
              ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift);
    }
 
    // Prepare DDT header for the cached table
    DdtHeader2 ddt_header          = {0};
    ddt_header.identifier          = DeDuplicationTableSecondary;
    ddt_header.type                = kDataTypeUserData;
    ddt_header.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    ddt_header.levels              = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.levels;
    ddt_header.tableLevel          = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableLevel + 1;
    ddt_header.previousLevelOffset = ctx->primary_ddt_offset;
    ddt_header.negative            = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative;
    ddt_header.overflow            = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
    ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift;
    ddt_header.dataShift           = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.dataShift;
    ddt_header.tableShift          = 0;  // Secondary tables are single level
 
    uint64_t items_per_ddt_entry = 1 << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableShift;
    ddt_header.blocks            = items_per_ddt_entry;
    ddt_header.entries           = items_per_ddt_entry;
    ddt_header.start             = ctx->cached_ddt_position * items_per_ddt_entry;
 
    // Calculate data size
    ddt_header.length = items_per_ddt_entry * sizeof(uint64_t);
 
    // Calculate CRC64 of the data
    crc64_ctx *crc64_context = aaruf_crc64_init();
    if(crc64_context != NULL)
    {
        aaruf_crc64_update(crc64_context, (uint8_t *)ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2, (uint32_t)ddt_header.length);
 
        uint64_t crc64;
        aaruf_crc64_final(crc64_context, &crc64);
        ddt_header.crc64 = crc64;
    }
 
    // Free CRC64 context
    aaruf_crc64_free(crc64_context);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(ddt_header.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer              = (uint8_t *)ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2;
        ddt_header.cmpCrc64 = ddt_header.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)ddt_header.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for secondary DDT v2 compression");
            return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)ddt_header.length * 2,
                                                 (uint8_t *)ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2, ddt_header.length,
                                                 ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = ddt_header.length;  // compression failed, fall through to None
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)ddt_header.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, (uint8_t *)ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2, ddt_header.length,
                                     lzma_properties, &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273,
                                     LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        ddt_header.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(ddt_header.cmpLength >= ddt_header.length)
        {
            ddt_header.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = (uint8_t *)ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2;
        }
    }
 
    if(ddt_header.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        ddt_header.cmpLength = ddt_header.length;
        ddt_header.cmpCrc64  = ddt_header.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        ddt_header.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, ddt_header.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    if(ddt_header.compression == kCompressionLzma) ddt_header.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&ddt_header, sizeof(DdtHeader2), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(ddt_header.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        if(fwrite(buffer, ddt_header.cmpLength, 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
        {
            // Update primary table entry to point to new location
            const uint64_t new_secondary_table_block_offset =
                end_of_file >> ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift;
 
            ctx->user_data_ddt2[ctx->cached_ddt_position] = (uint64_t)new_secondary_table_block_offset;
 
            // Update index: remove old entry for cached DDT and add new one
            TRACE("Updating index for cached secondary DDT");
 
            // Remove old index entry for the cached DDT
            if(ctx->cached_ddt_offset != 0)
            {
                TRACE("Removing old index entry for DDT at offset %" PRIu64, ctx->cached_ddt_offset);
                const IndexEntry *entry = NULL;
 
                // Find and remove the old index entry
                for(unsigned int k = 0; k < utarray_len(ctx->index_entries); k++)
                {
                    entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                    if(entry && entry->offset == ctx->cached_ddt_offset &&
                       (entry->blockType == DeDuplicationTableSecondary ||
                        entry->blockType == DeDuplicationTableSAlpha))
                    {
                        TRACE("Found old DDT index entry at position %u, removing", k);
                        utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
 
            // Add new index entry for the newly written secondary DDT
            IndexEntry new_ddt_entry;
            new_ddt_entry.blockType = DeDuplicationTableSecondary;
            new_ddt_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeUserData;
            new_ddt_entry.offset    = end_of_file;
 
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &new_ddt_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added new DDT index entry at offset %" PRIu64, end_of_file);
 
            // Write the updated primary table back to its original position in the file
            aaru_off_t saved_pos = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
            aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, (aaru_off_t)(ctx->primary_ddt_offset + sizeof(DdtHeader2)), SEEK_SET);
 
            size_t primary_table_size = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
 
            size_t primary_written_bytes = 0;
            primary_written_bytes        = fwrite(ctx->user_data_ddt2, primary_table_size, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
            if(primary_written_bytes != 1)
            {
                TRACE("Could not flush primary DDT table to file.");
                return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
            }
 
            aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, saved_pos, SEEK_SET);
        }
        else
            TRACE("Failed to write cached secondary DDT data");
    }
    else
        TRACE("Failed to write cached secondary DDT header");
 
    // Free the cached table
    free(ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2);
    ctx->cached_secondary_ddt2 = NULL;
    ctx->cached_ddt_offset     = 0;
 
    // Set position
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
 
    if(ddt_header.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
 
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}

static int32_t write_primary_ddt(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    // Flux-only images carry no DDT.
    if(ctx->no_user_data_ddt) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    // Write the cached primary DDT table back to its position in the file
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableShift <= 0 || ctx->user_data_ddt2 == NULL) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    TRACE("Writing cached primary DDT table back to file");
 
    // Calculate CRC64 of the primary DDT table data first
    crc64_ctx *crc64_context = aaruf_crc64_init();
    if(crc64_context != NULL)
    {
        size_t primary_table_size = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
 
        aaruf_crc64_update(crc64_context, (uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2, primary_table_size);
 
        uint64_t crc64;
        aaruf_crc64_final(crc64_context, &crc64);
 
        // Properly populate all header fields for multi-level DDT primary table
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.identifier  = DeDuplicationTable2;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.type        = kDataTypeUserData;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression = kCompressionNone;
        // levels, tableLevel, previousLevelOffset, negative, overflow, blockAlignmentShift,
        // dataShift, tableShift, sizeType, entries, blocks, start are already set during creation
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.crc64       = crc64;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpCrc64    = crc64;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length      = primary_table_size;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength   = primary_table_size;
 
        TRACE("Calculated CRC64 for primary DDT: 0x%16lX", crc64);
    }
 
    // Free CRC64 context
    aaruf_crc64_free(crc64_context);
 
    // First write the DDT header
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, (aaru_off_t)ctx->primary_ddt_offset, SEEK_SET);
 
    size_t headerWritten = fwrite(&ctx->user_data_ddt_header, sizeof(DdtHeader2), 1, ctx->imageStream);
    if(headerWritten != 1)
    {
        TRACE("Failed to write primary DDT header to file");
        return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
    }
 
    // Then write the table data (position is already after the header)
    size_t primary_table_size = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
 
    // Write the primary table data
    size_t written_bytes = 0;
    written_bytes        = fwrite(ctx->user_data_ddt2, primary_table_size, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
    if(written_bytes == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote primary DDT header and table to file (%" PRIu64 " entries, %zu bytes)",
              ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries, primary_table_size);
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing primary DDT index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == DeDuplicationTable2 && entry->dataType == kDataTypeUserData)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing primary DDT index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add primary DDT to index
        TRACE("Adding primary DDT to index");
        IndexEntry primary_ddt_entry;
        primary_ddt_entry.blockType = DeDuplicationTable2;
        primary_ddt_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeUserData;
        primary_ddt_entry.offset    = ctx->primary_ddt_offset;
 
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &primary_ddt_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added primary DDT index entry at offset %" PRIu64, ctx->primary_ddt_offset);
    }
    else
        TRACE("Failed to write primary DDT table to file");
 
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}

static int32_t write_single_level_ddt(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    // Flux-only images carry no DDT.
    if(ctx->no_user_data_ddt) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    // Write the single level DDT table block aligned just after the header
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableShift != 0 || ctx->user_data_ddt2 == NULL) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    TRACE("Writing single-level DDT table to file");
 
    // Calculate CRC64 of the primary DDT table data
    const size_t primary_table_size = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
 
    // Properly populate all header fields
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.identifier  = DeDuplicationTable2;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.type        = kDataTypeUserData;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.levels              = 1;  // Single level
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableLevel          = 0;  // Top level
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.previousLevelOffset = 0;  // No previous level for single-level DDT
    // negative and overflow are already set during creation
    // blockAlignmentShift, dataShift, tableShift, sizeType, entries, blocks, start are already set
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length              = primary_table_size;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength           = primary_table_size;
 
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data((uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2, primary_table_size);
 
    TRACE("Calculated CRC64 for single-level DDT: 0x%16lX", ctx->user_data_ddt_header.crc64);
 
    uint8_t *cmp_buffer                              = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
 
        cmp_buffer                         = (uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpCrc64 = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        cmp_buffer = malloc((size_t)ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(cmp_buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for secondary DDT v2 compression");
            return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(cmp_buffer, (size_t)ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length * 2,
                                                 (uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2, ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length,
                                                 ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length;  // fall through to None
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(cmp_buffer, &dst_size, (uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2,
                                     ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length, lzma_properties, &props_size, 9,
                                     ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength >= ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length)
        {
            ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(cmp_buffer);
 
            cmp_buffer = (uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2;
        }
    }
 
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length;
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpCrc64  = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpCrc64 =
            aaruf_crc64_data(cmp_buffer, (uint32_t)ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression == kCompressionLzma)
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write the DDT header first
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     ddt_position   = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(ddt_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = ddt_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        ddt_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    const size_t header_written = fwrite(&ctx->user_data_ddt_header, sizeof(DdtHeader2), 1, ctx->imageStream);
    if(header_written != 1)
    {
        TRACE("Failed to write single-level DDT header to file");
        return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
    }
 
    // Write the primary table data
    size_t written_bytes = 0;
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression == kCompressionLzma)
        fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
    written_bytes = fwrite(cmp_buffer, ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
    if(written_bytes == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote single-level DDT header and table to file (%" PRIu64
              " entries, %zu bytes, %zu compressed bytes)",
              ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries, ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length, ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength);
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing single-level DDT index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == DeDuplicationTable2 && entry->dataType == kDataTypeUserData)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing single-level DDT index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add single-level DDT to index
        TRACE("Adding single-level DDT to index");
        IndexEntry single_ddt_entry;
        single_ddt_entry.blockType = DeDuplicationTable2;
        single_ddt_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeUserData;
        single_ddt_entry.offset    = ddt_position;
 
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &single_ddt_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added single-level DDT index entry at offset %" PRIu64, ddt_position);
    }
    else
        TRACE("Failed to write single-level DDT table data to file");
 
    // Free compression buffer if it was allocated
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression != kCompressionNone && cmp_buffer != (uint8_t *)ctx->user_data_ddt2)
        free(cmp_buffer);
 
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}

static int32_t write_tape_ddt(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(!ctx->is_tape) return AARUF_STATUS_INVALID_CONTEXT;
 
    // Flux-only images carry no DDT (defensive; tape images aren't flux-only today).
    if(ctx->no_user_data_ddt) return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
 
    // Traverse the tape DDT uthash and find the biggest key
    uint64_t          max_key = 0;
    TapeDdtHashEntry *entry, *tmp;
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->tape_ddt, entry, tmp)
    if(entry->key > max_key) max_key = entry->key;
 
    // Initialize context user data DDT header
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.identifier  = DeDuplicationTable2;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.type        = kDataTypeUserData;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.levels              = 1;  // Single level
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableLevel          = 0;  // Top level
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.previousLevelOffset = 0;  // No previous level for single-level DDT
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative            = 0;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow            = 0;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.tableShift          = 0;  // Single level
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries             = max_key + 1;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blocks              = max_key + 1;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.start               = 0;
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length              = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
    ctx->user_data_ddt_header.cmpLength           = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.length;
 
    // Initialize memory for user data DDT
    ctx->user_data_ddt2 = calloc(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.entries, sizeof(uint64_t));
    if(ctx->user_data_ddt2 == NULL)
    {
        TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for tape DDT table");
        return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
    }
 
    // Populate user data DDT from tape DDT uthash
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->tape_ddt, entry, tmp)
    if(entry->key < ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blocks) ctx->user_data_ddt2[entry->key] = entry->value;
 
    // Do not repeat code
    return write_single_level_ddt(ctx);
}

static void write_checksum_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    uint64_t alignment_mask;
    uint64_t aligned_position;
 
    // Finalize pending checksums
    if(ctx->calculating_md5)
    {
        ctx->checksums.hasMd5 = true;
        aaruf_md5_final(&ctx->md5_context, ctx->checksums.md5);
    }
    if(ctx->calculating_sha1)
    {
        ctx->checksums.hasSha1 = true;
        aaruf_sha1_final(&ctx->sha1_context, ctx->checksums.sha1);
    }
    if(ctx->calculating_sha256)
    {
        ctx->checksums.hasSha256 = true;
        aaruf_sha256_final(&ctx->sha256_context, ctx->checksums.sha256);
    }
    if(ctx->calculating_spamsum)
    {
        ctx->checksums.hasSpamSum = true;
        ctx->checksums.spamsum    = calloc(1, FUZZY_MAX_RESULT);
        aaruf_spamsum_final(ctx->spamsum_context, ctx->checksums.spamsum);
        aaruf_spamsum_free(ctx->spamsum_context);
    }
    if(ctx->calculating_blake3)
    {
        ctx->checksums.hasBlake3 = true;
        blake3_hasher_finalize(ctx->blake3_context, ctx->checksums.blake3, BLAKE3_OUT_LEN);
        free(ctx->blake3_context);
    }
 
    // Write the checksums block
    bool has_checksums = ctx->checksums.hasMd5 || ctx->checksums.hasSha1 || ctx->checksums.hasSha256 ||
                         ctx->checksums.hasSpamSum || ctx->checksums.hasBlake3;
 
    if(!has_checksums) return;
 
    ChecksumHeader checksum_header = {0};
    checksum_header.identifier     = ChecksumBlock;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t checksum_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    alignment_mask         = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(checksum_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        aligned_position = checksum_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        checksum_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    // Skip checksum_header
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, sizeof(checksum_header), SEEK_CUR);
 
    if(ctx->checksums.hasMd5)
    {
        TRACE("Writing MD5 checksum entry");
        ChecksumEntry md5_entry = {0};
        md5_entry.length        = MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH;
        md5_entry.type          = Md5;
        fwrite(&md5_entry, sizeof(ChecksumEntry), 1, ctx->imageStream);
        fwrite(&ctx->checksums.md5, MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        checksum_header.length += sizeof(ChecksumEntry) + MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH;
        checksum_header.entries++;
    }
 
    if(ctx->checksums.hasSha1)
    {
        TRACE("Writing SHA1 checksum entry");
        ChecksumEntry sha1_entry = {0};
        sha1_entry.length        = SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH;
        sha1_entry.type          = Sha1;
        fwrite(&sha1_entry, sizeof(ChecksumEntry), 1, ctx->imageStream);
        fwrite(&ctx->checksums.sha1, SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        checksum_header.length += sizeof(ChecksumEntry) + SHA1_DIGEST_LENGTH;
        checksum_header.entries++;
    }
 
    if(ctx->checksums.hasSha256)
    {
        TRACE("Writing SHA256 checksum entry");
        ChecksumEntry sha256_entry = {0};
        sha256_entry.length        = SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH;
        sha256_entry.type          = Sha256;
        fwrite(&sha256_entry, sizeof(ChecksumEntry), 1, ctx->imageStream);
        fwrite(&ctx->checksums.sha256, SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        checksum_header.length += sizeof(ChecksumEntry) + SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH;
        checksum_header.entries++;
    }
 
    if(ctx->checksums.hasSpamSum)
    {
        TRACE("Writing SpamSum checksum entry");
        ChecksumEntry spamsum_entry = {0};
        spamsum_entry.length        = strlen((const char *)ctx->checksums.spamsum);
        spamsum_entry.type          = SpamSum;
        fwrite(&spamsum_entry, sizeof(ChecksumEntry), 1, ctx->imageStream);
        fwrite(ctx->checksums.spamsum, spamsum_entry.length, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        checksum_header.length += sizeof(ChecksumEntry) + spamsum_entry.length;
        checksum_header.entries++;
    }
 
    if(ctx->checksums.hasBlake3)
    {
        TRACE("Writing BLAKE3 checksum entry");
        ChecksumEntry blake3_entry = {0};
        blake3_entry.length        = BLAKE3_OUT_LEN;
        blake3_entry.type          = Blake3;
        fwrite(&blake3_entry, sizeof(ChecksumEntry), 1, ctx->imageStream);
        fwrite(&ctx->checksums.blake3, BLAKE3_OUT_LEN, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        checksum_header.length += sizeof(ChecksumEntry) + BLAKE3_OUT_LEN;
        checksum_header.entries++;
        ctx->header.featureCompatible |= AARU_FEATURE_RW_BLAKE3;
    }
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, checksum_position, SEEK_SET);
    TRACE("Writing checksum header");
    fwrite(&checksum_header, sizeof(ChecksumHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
    // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
    TRACE("Removing any previously existing checksum block index entries");
    for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
    {
        const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
        if(entry && entry->blockType == ChecksumBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
        {
            TRACE("Found existing checksum block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
            utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
        }
    }
 
    // Add checksum block to index
    TRACE("Adding checksum block to index");
    IndexEntry checksum_index_entry;
    checksum_index_entry.blockType = ChecksumBlock;
    checksum_index_entry.dataType  = 0;
    checksum_index_entry.offset    = checksum_position;
 
    utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &checksum_index_entry);
    ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
    TRACE("Added checksum block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, checksum_position);
}

static void write_tracks_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    // Write tracks block
    if(ctx->tracks_header.entries <= 0 || ctx->track_entries == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t tracks_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    uint64_t alignment_mask  = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(tracks_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        uint64_t aligned_position = tracks_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        tracks_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing tracks block at position %ld", tracks_position);
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&ctx->tracks_header, sizeof(TracksHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        // Write entries
        size_t written_entries =
            fwrite(ctx->track_entries, sizeof(TrackEntry), ctx->tracks_header.entries, ctx->imageStream);
 
        if(written_entries == ctx->tracks_header.entries)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote tracks block with %u entries", ctx->tracks_header.entries);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing tracks block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == TracksBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing tracks block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add tracks block to index
            TRACE("Adding tracks block to index");
 
            IndexEntry tracks_index_entry;
            tracks_index_entry.blockType = TracksBlock;
            tracks_index_entry.dataType  = 0;
            tracks_index_entry.offset    = tracks_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &tracks_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added tracks block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, tracks_position);
        }
    }
}

static void write_mode2_subheaders_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    // Write MODE 2 subheader data block
    if(ctx->mode2_subheaders == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t mode2_subheaders_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    uint64_t alignment_mask            = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(mode2_subheaders_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        uint64_t aligned_position = mode2_subheaders_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        mode2_subheaders_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing MODE 2 subheaders block at position %ld", mode2_subheaders_position);
    BlockHeader subheaders_block = {0};
    subheaders_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    subheaders_block.type        = kDataTypeCdSubHeader;
    subheaders_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    subheaders_block.length =
        (uint32_t)(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow) *
        8;
 
    // Calculate CRC64
    subheaders_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->mode2_subheaders, subheaders_block.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(subheaders_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer                    = ctx->mode2_subheaders;
        subheaders_block.cmpCrc64 = subheaders_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)subheaders_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for MODE 2 subheaders compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)subheaders_block.length * 2, ctx->mode2_subheaders,
                                                 subheaders_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = subheaders_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)subheaders_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->mode2_subheaders, subheaders_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                     &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        subheaders_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(subheaders_block.cmpLength >= subheaders_block.length)
        {
            subheaders_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->mode2_subheaders;
        }
    }
 
    if(subheaders_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        subheaders_block.cmpLength = subheaders_block.length;
        subheaders_block.cmpCrc64  = subheaders_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        subheaders_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, subheaders_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = subheaders_block.cmpLength;
    if(subheaders_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) subheaders_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&subheaders_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(subheaders_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote MODE 2 subheaders block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", subheaders_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing MODE 2 subheaders block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeCdSubHeader)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing MODE 2 subheaders block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add MODE 2 subheaders block to index
            TRACE("Adding MODE 2 subheaders block to index");
            IndexEntry mode2_subheaders_index_entry;
            mode2_subheaders_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            mode2_subheaders_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeCdSubHeader;
            mode2_subheaders_index_entry.offset    = mode2_subheaders_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &mode2_subheaders_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added MODE 2 subheaders block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, mode2_subheaders_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(subheaders_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_sector_prefix(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_prefix == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t prefix_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    uint64_t alignment_mask  = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(prefix_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        uint64_t aligned_position = prefix_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        prefix_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing sector prefix block at position %ld", prefix_position);
    BlockHeader prefix_block = {0};
    prefix_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    prefix_block.type        = kDataTypeCdSectorPrefix;
    prefix_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    prefix_block.length      = (uint32_t)ctx->sector_prefix_offset;
 
    // Calculate CRC64
    prefix_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_prefix, prefix_block.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(prefix_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer                = ctx->sector_prefix;
        prefix_block.cmpCrc64 = prefix_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)prefix_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for CD sector prefix compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)prefix_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_prefix,
                                                 prefix_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = prefix_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)prefix_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_prefix, prefix_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                     &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        prefix_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(prefix_block.cmpLength >= prefix_block.length)
        {
            prefix_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_prefix;
        }
    }
 
    if(prefix_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        prefix_block.cmpLength = prefix_block.length;
        prefix_block.cmpCrc64  = prefix_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        prefix_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, prefix_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = prefix_block.cmpLength;
    if(prefix_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) prefix_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&prefix_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(prefix_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote CD sector prefix block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", prefix_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing CD sector prefix block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeCdSectorPrefix)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing CD sector prefix block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add prefix block to index
            TRACE("Adding CD sector prefix block to index");
            IndexEntry prefix_index_entry;
            prefix_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            prefix_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeCdSectorPrefix;
            prefix_index_entry.offset    = prefix_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &prefix_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added CD sector prefix block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, prefix_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(prefix_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_sector_suffix(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_suffix == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     suffix_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    const uint64_t alignment_mask  = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(suffix_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = suffix_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        suffix_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing sector suffix block at position %ld", suffix_position);
    BlockHeader suffix_block = {0};
    suffix_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    suffix_block.type        = kDataTypeCdSectorSuffix;
    suffix_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    suffix_block.length      = (uint32_t)ctx->sector_suffix_offset;
 
    // Calculate CRC64
    suffix_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_suffix, suffix_block.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(suffix_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer                = ctx->sector_suffix;
        suffix_block.cmpCrc64 = suffix_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)suffix_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for CD sector suffix compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)suffix_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_suffix,
                                                 suffix_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = suffix_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)suffix_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_suffix, suffix_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                     &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        suffix_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(suffix_block.cmpLength >= suffix_block.length)
        {
            suffix_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_suffix;
        }
    }
 
    if(suffix_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        suffix_block.cmpLength = suffix_block.length;
        suffix_block.cmpCrc64  = suffix_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        suffix_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, suffix_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = suffix_block.cmpLength;
    if(suffix_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) suffix_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&suffix_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(suffix_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote CD sector suffix block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", suffix_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing CD sector suffix block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeCdSectorSuffix)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing CD sector suffix block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add suffix block to index
            TRACE("Adding CD sector suffix block to index");
            IndexEntry suffix_index_entry;
            suffix_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            suffix_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeCdSectorSuffix;
            suffix_index_entry.offset    = suffix_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &suffix_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added CD sector suffix block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, suffix_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(suffix_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_sector_prefix_ddt(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_prefix_ddt2 == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     prefix_ddt_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    const uint64_t alignment_mask      = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(prefix_ddt_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = prefix_ddt_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        prefix_ddt_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing sector prefix DDT v2 at position %ld", prefix_ddt_position);
    DdtHeader2 ddt_header2          = {0};
    ddt_header2.identifier          = DeDuplicationTable2;
    ddt_header2.type        = kDataTypeCdSectorPrefix;
    ddt_header2.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    ddt_header2.levels              = 1;
    ddt_header2.tableLevel          = 0;
    ddt_header2.negative            = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative;
    ddt_header2.overflow            = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
    ddt_header2.blockAlignmentShift = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift;
    ddt_header2.dataShift           = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.dataShift;
    ddt_header2.tableShift          = 0;  // Single-level DDT
    ddt_header2.entries =
        ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
    ddt_header2.blocks = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blocks;
    ddt_header2.start  = 0;
    ddt_header2.length = ddt_header2.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
    // Calculate CRC64
    ddt_header2.crc64  = aaruf_crc64_data((uint8_t *)ctx->sector_prefix_ddt2, (uint32_t)ddt_header2.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer               = (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_prefix_ddt2;
        ddt_header2.cmpCrc64 = ddt_header2.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)ddt_header2.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for sector prefix DDT v2 compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)ddt_header2.length * 2,
                                                 (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_prefix_ddt2, ddt_header2.length,
                                                 ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = ddt_header2.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)ddt_header2.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_prefix_ddt2, ddt_header2.length,
                                     lzma_properties, &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273,
                                     LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        ddt_header2.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(ddt_header2.cmpLength >= ddt_header2.length)
        {
            ddt_header2.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_prefix_ddt2;
        }
    }
 
    if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        ddt_header2.cmpLength = ddt_header2.length;
        ddt_header2.cmpCrc64  = ddt_header2.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        ddt_header2.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, (uint32_t)ddt_header2.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = ddt_header2.cmpLength;
    if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionLzma) ddt_header2.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&ddt_header2, sizeof(DdtHeader2), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote sector prefix DDT v2 (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", ddt_header2.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing sector prefix DDT v2 index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DeDuplicationTable2 && entry->dataType == kDataTypeCdSectorPrefix)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing sector prefix DDT v2 index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add prefix block to index
            TRACE("Adding sector prefix DDT v2 to index");
            IndexEntry prefix_ddt_index_entry;
            prefix_ddt_index_entry.blockType = DeDuplicationTable2;
            prefix_ddt_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeCdSectorPrefix;
            prefix_ddt_index_entry.offset    = prefix_ddt_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &prefix_ddt_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added sector prefix DDT v2 index entry at offset %" PRIu64, prefix_ddt_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(ddt_header2.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_sector_suffix_ddt(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_suffix_ddt2 == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     suffix_ddt_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    const uint64_t alignment_mask      = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(suffix_ddt_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = suffix_ddt_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        suffix_ddt_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing sector suffix DDT v2 at position %ld", suffix_ddt_position);
    DdtHeader2 ddt_header2          = {0};
    ddt_header2.identifier          = DeDuplicationTable2;
    ddt_header2.type        = kDataTypeCdSectorSuffix;
    ddt_header2.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    ddt_header2.levels              = 1;
    ddt_header2.tableLevel          = 0;
    ddt_header2.negative            = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative;
    ddt_header2.overflow            = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
    ddt_header2.blockAlignmentShift = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift;
    ddt_header2.dataShift           = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.dataShift;
    ddt_header2.tableShift          = 0;  // Single-level DDT
    ddt_header2.entries =
        ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
    ddt_header2.blocks = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blocks;
    ddt_header2.start  = 0;
    ddt_header2.length = ddt_header2.entries * sizeof(uint64_t);
    // Calculate CRC64
    ddt_header2.crc64  = aaruf_crc64_data((uint8_t *)ctx->sector_suffix_ddt2, (uint32_t)ddt_header2.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer               = (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_suffix_ddt2;
        ddt_header2.cmpCrc64 = ddt_header2.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)ddt_header2.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for sector suffix DDT v2 compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)ddt_header2.length * 2,
                                                 (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_suffix_ddt2, ddt_header2.length,
                                                 ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = ddt_header2.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)ddt_header2.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_suffix_ddt2, ddt_header2.length,
                                     lzma_properties, &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273,
                                     LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        ddt_header2.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(ddt_header2.cmpLength >= ddt_header2.length)
        {
            ddt_header2.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = (uint8_t *)ctx->sector_suffix_ddt2;
        }
    }
 
    if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        ddt_header2.cmpLength = ddt_header2.length;
        ddt_header2.cmpCrc64  = ddt_header2.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        ddt_header2.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, (uint32_t)ddt_header2.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = ddt_header2.cmpLength;
    if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionLzma) ddt_header2.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&ddt_header2, sizeof(DdtHeader2), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(ddt_header2.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote sector suffix DDT v2 (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", ddt_header2.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing sector suffix DDT v2 block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DeDuplicationTable2 && entry->dataType == kDataTypeCdSectorSuffix)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing sector suffix DDT v2 index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add suffix block to index
            TRACE("Adding sector suffix DDT v2 to index");
            IndexEntry suffix_ddt_index_entry;
            suffix_ddt_index_entry.blockType = DeDuplicationTable2;
            suffix_ddt_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeCdSectorSuffix;
            suffix_ddt_index_entry.offset    = suffix_ddt_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &suffix_ddt_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added sector suffix DDT v2 index entry at offset %" PRIu64, suffix_ddt_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(ddt_header2.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_sector_subchannel(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_subchannel == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing sector subchannel block at position %ld", block_position);
    BlockHeader subchannel_block = {0};
    subchannel_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    subchannel_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = ctx->sector_subchannel;
    bool     owns_buffer                             = false;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(ctx->image_info.MetadataMediaType == OpticalDisc)
    {
        subchannel_block.type   = kDataTypeCdSubchannel;
        subchannel_block.length = (uint32_t)(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->image_info.Sectors +
                                             ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow) *
                                  96;
        subchannel_block.cmpLength = subchannel_block.length;
 
        if(ctx->compression_enabled)
        {
            uint8_t *cst_buffer = malloc(subchannel_block.length);
 
            if(cst_buffer == NULL)
            {
                TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for Claunia Subchannel Transform output");
                return;
            }
 
            uint8_t *dst_buffer = malloc(subchannel_block.length);
 
            if(dst_buffer == NULL)
            {
                TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for compressed output");
                free(cst_buffer);
                return;
            }
 
            aaruf_cst_transform(ctx->sector_subchannel, cst_buffer, subchannel_block.length);
 
            size_t dst_size;
 
            if(ctx->use_zstd)
            {
                dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(dst_buffer, subchannel_block.length, cst_buffer,
                                                     subchannel_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
                if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = subchannel_block.length; /* compression failed, fall through to none */
            }
            else
            {
                dst_size          = subchannel_block.length;
                size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
                aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(dst_buffer, &dst_size, cst_buffer, subchannel_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                         &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
            }
 
            free(cst_buffer);
 
            if(dst_size < subchannel_block.length)
            {
                subchannel_block.compression = ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstdCst : kCompressionLzmaCst;
                subchannel_block.cmpLength   = (uint32_t)dst_size;
                buffer                       = dst_buffer;
                owns_buffer                  = true;
            }
            else
            {
                subchannel_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
                free(dst_buffer);
                subchannel_block.cmpLength = subchannel_block.length;
            }
        }
    }
    else if(ctx->image_info.MetadataMediaType == BlockMedia)
    {
        switch(ctx->image_info.MediaType)
        {
            case AppleProfile:
            case AppleFileWare:
                subchannel_block.type   = kDataTypeAppleProfileTag;
                subchannel_block.length = (uint32_t)(ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow) * 20;
                break;
            case AppleSonyDS:
            case AppleSonySS:
                subchannel_block.type   = kDataTypeAppleSonyTag;
                subchannel_block.length = (uint32_t)(ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow) * 12;
                break;
            case PriamDataTower:
                subchannel_block.type   = kDataTypePriamDataTowerTag;
                subchannel_block.length = (uint32_t)(ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow) * 24;
                break;
            default:
                TRACE("Incorrect media type, not writing sector subchannel block");
                return;  // Incorrect media type
        }
        subchannel_block.cmpLength = subchannel_block.length;
 
        uint8_t *dst_buffer = malloc(subchannel_block.length);
 
        if(dst_buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for compressed output");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(dst_buffer, subchannel_block.length, ctx->sector_subchannel,
                                                 subchannel_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = subchannel_block.length; /* compression failed, fall through to none */
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = subchannel_block.length;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(dst_buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_subchannel, subchannel_block.length,
                                     lzma_properties, &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        if(dst_size < subchannel_block.length)
        {
            subchannel_block.compression = ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma;
            subchannel_block.cmpLength   = (uint32_t)dst_size;
            buffer                       = dst_buffer;
            owns_buffer                  = true;
        }
        else
        {
            subchannel_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(dst_buffer);
            subchannel_block.cmpLength = subchannel_block.length;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        TRACE("Incorrect media type, not writing sector subchannel block");
        return;  // Incorrect media type
    }
 
    // Calculate CRC64 for raw subchannel data and compressed payload when present
    subchannel_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_subchannel, subchannel_block.length);
    if(subchannel_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
        subchannel_block.cmpCrc64 = subchannel_block.crc64;
    else
    {
        subchannel_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, subchannel_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = subchannel_block.cmpLength;
    const bool   has_lzma_props = subchannel_block.compression == kCompressionLzma ||
                                  subchannel_block.compression == kCompressionLzmaCst;
    if(has_lzma_props) subchannel_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&subchannel_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(has_lzma_props)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote sector subchannel block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", subchannel_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing subchannel block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == subchannel_block.type)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing subchannel block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add subchannel block to index
            TRACE("Adding sector subchannel block to index");
            IndexEntry subchannel_index_entry;
            subchannel_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            subchannel_index_entry.dataType  = subchannel_block.type;
            subchannel_index_entry.offset    = block_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &subchannel_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added sector subchannel block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(owns_buffer) free(buffer);
}

static void write_dvd_long_sector_blocks(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_id == NULL || ctx->sector_ied == NULL || ctx->sector_cpr_mai == NULL || ctx->sector_edc == NULL)
        return;
 
    uint64_t total_sectors =
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
 
    // Write DVD sector ID block
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     id_position    = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(id_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = id_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        id_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing DVD sector ID block at position %ld", id_position);
    BlockHeader id_block = {0};
    id_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    id_block.type        = kDataTypeDvdSectorId;
    id_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    id_block.length      = (uint32_t)total_sectors * 4;
 
    // Calculate CRC64
    id_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_id, id_block.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(id_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer            = ctx->sector_id;
        id_block.cmpCrc64 = id_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)id_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for DVD sector ID compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)id_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_id, id_block.length,
                                                 ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = id_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)id_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_id, id_block.length, lzma_properties, &props_size,
                                     9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        id_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(id_block.cmpLength >= id_block.length)
        {
            id_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_id;
        }
    }
 
    if(id_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        id_block.cmpLength = id_block.length;
        id_block.cmpCrc64  = id_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        id_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, id_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    size_t length_to_write = id_block.cmpLength;
    if(id_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) id_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&id_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(id_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote DVD sector ID block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", id_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing DVD sector ID block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeDvdSectorId)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing DVD sector ID block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add ID block to index
            TRACE("Adding DVD sector ID block to index");
            IndexEntry id_index_entry;
            id_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            id_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeDvdSectorId;
            id_index_entry.offset    = id_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &id_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added DVD sector ID block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, id_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(id_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
 
    // Write DVD sector IED block
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t ied_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    if(ied_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = ied_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        ied_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing DVD sector IED block at position %ld", ied_position);
    BlockHeader ied_block = {0};
    ied_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    ied_block.type        = kDataTypeDvdSectorIed;
    ied_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    ied_block.length      = (uint32_t)total_sectors * 2;
    // Calculate CRC64
    ied_block.crc64       = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_ied, ied_block.length);
 
    buffer = NULL;
 
    if(ied_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer             = ctx->sector_ied;
        ied_block.cmpCrc64 = ied_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)ied_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for DVD sector IED compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)ied_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_ied,
                                                 ied_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = ied_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)ied_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_ied, ied_block.length, lzma_properties, &props_size,
                                     9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        ied_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(ied_block.cmpLength >= ied_block.length)
        {
            ied_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_ied;
        }
    }
 
    if(ied_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        ied_block.cmpLength = ied_block.length;
        ied_block.cmpCrc64  = ied_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        ied_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, ied_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    length_to_write = ied_block.cmpLength;
    if(ied_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) ied_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&ied_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(ied_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote DVD sector IED block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", ied_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing DVD sector IED block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeDvdSectorIed)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing DVD sector IED block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add IED block to index
            TRACE("Adding DVD sector IED block to index");
            IndexEntry ied_index_entry;
            ied_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            ied_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeDvdSectorIed;
            ied_index_entry.offset    = ied_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &ied_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added DVD sector IED block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, ied_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(ied_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
 
    // Write DVD sector CPR/MAI block
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t cpr_mai_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    if(cpr_mai_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = cpr_mai_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        cpr_mai_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing DVD sector CPR/MAI block at position %ld", cpr_mai_position);
    BlockHeader cpr_mai_block = {0};
    cpr_mai_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    cpr_mai_block.type        = kDataTypeDvdSectorCprMai;
    cpr_mai_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    cpr_mai_block.length      = (uint32_t)total_sectors * 6;
    // Calculate CRC64
    cpr_mai_block.crc64       = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_cpr_mai, cpr_mai_block.length);
 
    buffer = NULL;
 
    if(cpr_mai_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer                 = ctx->sector_cpr_mai;
        cpr_mai_block.cmpCrc64 = cpr_mai_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)cpr_mai_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for DVD sector CPR/MAI compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)cpr_mai_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_cpr_mai,
                                                 cpr_mai_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = cpr_mai_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)cpr_mai_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_cpr_mai, cpr_mai_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                     &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        cpr_mai_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(cpr_mai_block.cmpLength >= cpr_mai_block.length)
        {
            cpr_mai_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_cpr_mai;
        }
    }
 
    if(cpr_mai_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        cpr_mai_block.cmpLength = cpr_mai_block.length;
        cpr_mai_block.cmpCrc64  = cpr_mai_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        cpr_mai_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, cpr_mai_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    length_to_write = cpr_mai_block.cmpLength;
    if(cpr_mai_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) cpr_mai_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&cpr_mai_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(cpr_mai_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote DVD sector CPR/MAI block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", cpr_mai_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing DVD sector CPR/MAI block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeDvdSectorCprMai)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing DVD sector CPR/MAI block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add CPR/MAI block to index
            TRACE("Adding DVD sector CPR/MAI block to index");
            IndexEntry cpr_mai_index_entry;
            cpr_mai_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            cpr_mai_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeDvdSectorCprMai;
            cpr_mai_index_entry.offset    = cpr_mai_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &cpr_mai_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added DVD sector CPR/MAI block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, cpr_mai_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(cpr_mai_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
 
    // Write DVD sector EDC block
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t edc_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    if(edc_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = edc_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        edc_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing DVD sector EDC block at position %ld", edc_position);
    BlockHeader edc_block = {0};
    edc_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    edc_block.type        = kDataTypeDvdSectorEdc;
    edc_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    edc_block.length      = (uint32_t)total_sectors * 4;
    // Calculate CRC64
    edc_block.crc64       = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_edc, edc_block.length);
 
    buffer = NULL;
 
    if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer             = ctx->sector_edc;
        edc_block.cmpCrc64 = edc_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)edc_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for DVD sector EDC compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)edc_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_edc,
                                                 edc_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = edc_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)edc_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_edc, edc_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                     &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        edc_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(edc_block.cmpLength >= edc_block.length)
        {
            edc_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_edc;
        }
    }
 
    if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        edc_block.cmpLength = edc_block.length;
        edc_block.cmpCrc64  = edc_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        edc_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, edc_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    length_to_write = edc_block.cmpLength;
    if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) edc_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&edc_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote DVD sector EDC block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", edc_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing DVD sector EDC block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeDvdSectorEdc)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing DVD sector EDC block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add EDC block to index
            TRACE("Adding DVD sector EDC block to index");
            IndexEntry edc_index_entry;
            edc_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            edc_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeDvdSectorEdc;
            edc_index_entry.offset    = edc_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &edc_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added DVD sector EDC block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, edc_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(edc_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_bd_sector_edc_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_edc == NULL) return;
 
    uint64_t total_sectors =
        ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow;
 
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t edc_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    if(edc_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = edc_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        edc_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing BD sector EDC block at position %ld", edc_position);
    BlockHeader edc_block = {0};
    edc_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    edc_block.type        = kDataTypeBdSectorEdc;
    edc_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    edc_block.length     = (uint32_t)total_sectors * 4;
    edc_block.crc64      = aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_edc, edc_block.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer             = ctx->sector_edc;
        edc_block.cmpCrc64 = edc_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)edc_block.length * 2);
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for BD sector EDC compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)edc_block.length * 2, ctx->sector_edc,
                                                edc_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = edc_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)edc_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_edc, edc_block.length, lzma_properties, &props_size,
                                     9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        edc_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(edc_block.cmpLength >= edc_block.length)
        {
            edc_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_edc;
        }
    }
 
    if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        edc_block.cmpLength = edc_block.length;
        edc_block.cmpCrc64  = edc_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        edc_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, edc_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    size_t length_to_write = edc_block.cmpLength;
    if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) edc_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    if(fwrite(&edc_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(edc_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote BD sector EDC block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", edc_block.cmpLength);
 
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeBdSectorEdc)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing BD sector EDC block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            IndexEntry edc_index_entry;
            edc_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            edc_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeBdSectorEdc;
            edc_index_entry.offset    = edc_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &edc_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added BD sector EDC block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, edc_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(edc_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_dvd_title_key_decrypted_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->sector_decrypted_title_key == NULL) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing DVD decrypted title key block at position %ld", block_position);
    BlockHeader decrypted_title_key_block = {0};
    decrypted_title_key_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
    decrypted_title_key_block.type        = kDataTypeDvdTitleKeyDecrypted;
    decrypted_title_key_block.compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
    decrypted_title_key_block.length =
        (uint32_t)(ctx->user_data_ddt_header.negative + ctx->image_info.Sectors + ctx->user_data_ddt_header.overflow) *
        5;
    // Calculate CRC64
    decrypted_title_key_block.crc64 =
        aaruf_crc64_data(ctx->sector_decrypted_title_key, decrypted_title_key_block.length);
 
    uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
    uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
    if(decrypted_title_key_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        buffer                             = ctx->sector_decrypted_title_key;
        decrypted_title_key_block.cmpCrc64 = decrypted_title_key_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        buffer = malloc((size_t)decrypted_title_key_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
        if(buffer == NULL)
        {
            TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for DVD decrypted title key compression");
            return;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size;
 
        if(ctx->use_zstd)
        {
            dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)decrypted_title_key_block.length * 2,
                                                 ctx->sector_decrypted_title_key, decrypted_title_key_block.length,
                                                 ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
            if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = decrypted_title_key_block.length;
        }
        else
        {
            dst_size          = (size_t)decrypted_title_key_block.length * 2 * 2;
            size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
            aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, ctx->sector_decrypted_title_key,
                                     decrypted_title_key_block.length, lzma_properties, &props_size, 9,
                                     ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
        }
 
        decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
        if(decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength >= decrypted_title_key_block.length)
        {
            decrypted_title_key_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(buffer);
            buffer = ctx->sector_decrypted_title_key;
        }
    }
 
    if(decrypted_title_key_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength = decrypted_title_key_block.length;
        decrypted_title_key_block.cmpCrc64  = decrypted_title_key_block.crc64;
    }
    else
    {
        decrypted_title_key_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength);
        if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
    }
 
    const size_t length_to_write = decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength;
    if(decrypted_title_key_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
        decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&decrypted_title_key_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        if(decrypted_title_key_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
            fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);
 
        // Write data
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote DVD decrypted title key block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)",
                  decrypted_title_key_block.cmpLength);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing DVD decrypted title key block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == kDataTypeDvdTitleKeyDecrypted)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing DVD decrypted title key block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add decrypted title key block to index
            TRACE("Adding DVD decrypted title key block to index");
            IndexEntry decrypted_title_key_index_entry;
            decrypted_title_key_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
            decrypted_title_key_index_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeDvdTitleKeyDecrypted;
            decrypted_title_key_index_entry.offset    = block_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &decrypted_title_key_index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added DVD decrypted title key block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
        }
    }
 
    if(decrypted_title_key_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
}

static void write_media_tags(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->mediaTags == NULL) return;
 
    mediaTagEntry *media_tag     = NULL;
    mediaTagEntry *tmp_media_tag = NULL;
 
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->mediaTags, media_tag, tmp_media_tag)
    {
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
        aaru_off_t     tag_position   = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
        const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
        if(tag_position & alignment_mask)
        {
            const uint64_t aligned_position = tag_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
            aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
            tag_position = aligned_position;
        }
 
        TRACE("Writing media tag block type %d at position %ld", aaruf_get_datatype_for_media_tag_type(media_tag->type),
              tag_position);
        BlockHeader tag_block = {0};
        tag_block.identifier  = DataBlock;
        tag_block.type        = (uint16_t)aaruf_get_datatype_for_media_tag_type(media_tag->type);
        tag_block.compression =
            ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
        tag_block.length      = media_tag->length;
 
        // Calculate CRC64
        tag_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(media_tag->data, tag_block.length);
 
        uint8_t *buffer                                  = NULL;
        uint8_t  lzma_properties[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
 
        if(tag_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
        {
            buffer             = media_tag->data;
            tag_block.cmpCrc64 = tag_block.crc64;
        }
        else
        {
            buffer = malloc((size_t)tag_block.length * 2);  // Allocate double size for compression
            if(buffer == NULL)
            {
                TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for media tag compression");
                return;
            }
 
            size_t dst_size;
 
            if(ctx->use_zstd)
            {
                dst_size = aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(buffer, (size_t)tag_block.length * 2, media_tag->data,
                                                     tag_block.length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
                if(dst_size == 0) dst_size = tag_block.length;
            }
            else
            {
                dst_size          = (size_t)tag_block.length * 2 * 2;
                size_t props_size = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
                aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(buffer, &dst_size, media_tag->data, tag_block.length, lzma_properties,
                                         &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
            }
 
            tag_block.cmpLength = (uint32_t)dst_size;
 
            if(tag_block.cmpLength >= tag_block.length)
            {
                tag_block.compression = kCompressionNone;
                free(buffer);
                buffer = media_tag->data;
            }
        }
 
        if(tag_block.compression == kCompressionNone)
        {
            tag_block.cmpLength = tag_block.length;
            tag_block.cmpCrc64  = tag_block.crc64;
        }
        else
        {
            tag_block.cmpCrc64 = aaruf_crc64_data(buffer, tag_block.cmpLength);
            if(ctx->use_zstd) ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
        }
 
        const size_t length_to_write = tag_block.cmpLength;
        if(tag_block.compression == kCompressionLzma) tag_block.cmpLength += LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
        // Write header
        if(fwrite(&tag_block, sizeof(BlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
        {
            if(tag_block.compression == kCompressionLzma)
                fwrite(lzma_properties, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, 1, ctx->imageStream);  // Write data
 
            const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, length_to_write, 1, ctx->imageStream);
            if(written_bytes == 1)
            {
                TRACE("Successfully wrote media tag block type %d (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", tag_block.type,
                      tag_block.cmpLength);
 
                // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
                TRACE("Removing any previously existing media tag type %d block index entries", tag_block.type);
                for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
                {
                    const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                    if(entry && entry->blockType == DataBlock && entry->dataType == tag_block.type)
                    {
                        TRACE("Found existing media tag type %d block index entry at position %d, removing",
                              tag_block.type, k);
                        utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                    }
                }
 
                // Add media tag block to index
                TRACE("Adding media tag type %d block to index", tag_block.type);
                IndexEntry tag_index_entry;
                tag_index_entry.blockType = DataBlock;
                tag_index_entry.dataType  = tag_block.type;
                tag_index_entry.offset    = tag_position;
                utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &tag_index_entry);
                ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
                TRACE("Added media tag block type %d index entry at offset %" PRIu64, tag_block.type, tag_position);
            }
        }
 
        if(tag_block.compression != kCompressionNone) free(buffer);
    }
}

static void write_tape_file_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->tape_files == NULL) return;
 
    // Iterate the uthash and count how many entries do we have
    const tapeFileHashEntry *tape_file       = NULL;
    const tapeFileHashEntry *tmp_tape_file   = NULL;
    size_t                   tape_file_count = 0;
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->tape_files, tape_file, tmp_tape_file) tape_file_count++;
 
    // Create a memory buffer to copy all the file entries
    const size_t   buffer_size = tape_file_count * sizeof(TapeFileEntry);
    TapeFileEntry *buffer      = malloc(buffer_size);
    if(buffer == NULL)
    {
        TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for tape file entries");
        return;
    }
    memset(buffer, 0, buffer_size);
    size_t index = 0;
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->tape_files, tape_file, tmp_tape_file)
    {
        if(index >= tape_file_count) break;
        memcpy(&buffer[index], &tape_file->fileEntry, sizeof(TapeFileEntry));
        index++;
    }
 
    // Create the tape file block in memory
    TapeFileHeader tape_file_block = {0};
    tape_file_block.identifier     = TapeFileBlock;
    tape_file_block.length         = (uint32_t)buffer_size;
    tape_file_block.crc64          = aaruf_crc64_data((uint8_t *)buffer, (uint32_t)tape_file_block.length);
 
    // Write tape file block to file, block aligned
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing tape file block at position %ld", block_position);
    if(fwrite(&tape_file_block, sizeof(TapeFileHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, tape_file_block.length, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote tape file block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", tape_file_block.length);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing tape file block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == TapeFileBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing tape file block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add tape file block to index
            TRACE("Adding tape file block to index");
            IndexEntry index_entry;
            index_entry.blockType = TapeFileBlock;
            index_entry.dataType  = 0;
            index_entry.offset    = block_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added tape file block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
        }
    }
 
    free(buffer);
}

static void write_tape_partition_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->tape_partitions == NULL) return;
 
    // Iterate the uthash and count how many entries do we have
    const TapePartitionHashEntry *tape_partition       = NULL;
    const TapePartitionHashEntry *tmp_tape_partition   = NULL;
    size_t                        tape_partition_count = 0;
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->tape_partitions, tape_partition, tmp_tape_partition) tape_partition_count++;
 
    // Create a memory buffer to copy all the partition entries
    const size_t        buffer_size = tape_partition_count * sizeof(TapePartitionEntry);
    TapePartitionEntry *buffer      = malloc(buffer_size);
    if(buffer == NULL)
    {
        TRACE("Failed to allocate memory for tape partition entries");
        return;
    }
    memset(buffer, 0, buffer_size);
    size_t index = 0;
    HASH_ITER(hh, ctx->tape_partitions, tape_partition, tmp_tape_partition)
    {
        if(index >= tape_partition_count) break;
        memcpy(&buffer[index], &tape_partition->partitionEntry, sizeof(TapePartitionEntry));
        index++;
    }
 
    // Create the tape partition block in memory
    TapePartitionHeader tape_partition_block = {0};
    tape_partition_block.identifier          = TapePartitionBlock;
    tape_partition_block.length              = (uint32_t)buffer_size;
    tape_partition_block.crc64 = aaruf_crc64_data((uint8_t *)buffer, (uint32_t)tape_partition_block.length);
 
    // Write tape partition block to partition, block aligned
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing tape partition block at position %ld", block_position);
    if(fwrite(&tape_partition_block, sizeof(TapePartitionHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        const size_t written_bytes = fwrite(buffer, tape_partition_block.length, 1, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_bytes == 1)
        {
            TRACE("Successfully wrote tape partition block (%" PRIu64 " bytes)", tape_partition_block.length);
 
            // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
            TRACE("Removing any previously existing tape partition block index entries");
            for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
            {
                const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
                if(entry && entry->blockType == TapePartitionBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
                {
                    TRACE("Found existing tape partition block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                    utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
                }
            }
 
            // Add tape partition block to index
            TRACE("Adding tape partition block to index");
            IndexEntry index_entry;
            index_entry.blockType = TapePartitionBlock;
            index_entry.dataType  = 0;
            index_entry.offset    = block_position;
            utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
            TRACE("Added tape partition block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
        }
    }
 
    free(buffer);
}

static void write_geometry_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->geometry_block.identifier != GeometryBlock) return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing geometry block at position %ld", block_position);
 
    // Write header
    if(fwrite(&ctx->geometry_block, sizeof(GeometryBlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote geometry block");
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing geometry block index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == GeometryBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing geometry block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add geometry block to index
        TRACE("Adding geometry block to index");
        IndexEntry index_entry;
        index_entry.blockType = GeometryBlock;
        index_entry.dataType  = 0;
        index_entry.offset    = block_position;
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added geometry block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
    }
}

static void write_metadata_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->metadata_block_header.identifier != MetadataBlock && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaSequence == 0 &&
       ctx->metadata_block_header.lastMediaSequence == 0 && ctx->creator == NULL && ctx->comments == NULL &&
       ctx->media_title == NULL && ctx->media_manufacturer == NULL && ctx->media_model == NULL &&
       ctx->media_serial_number == NULL && ctx->media_barcode == NULL && ctx->media_part_number == NULL &&
       ctx->drive_manufacturer == NULL && ctx->drive_model == NULL && ctx->drive_serial_number == NULL &&
       ctx->drive_firmware_revision == NULL)
        return;
 
    ctx->metadata_block_header.blockSize =
        sizeof(MetadataBlockHeader) + ctx->metadata_block_header.creatorLength +
        ctx->metadata_block_header.commentsLength + ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaTitleLength +
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaManufacturerLength + ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaModelLength +
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaSerialNumberLength + ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaBarcodeLength +
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaPartNumberLength + ctx->metadata_block_header.driveManufacturerLength +
        ctx->metadata_block_header.driveModelLength + ctx->metadata_block_header.driveSerialNumberLength +
        ctx->metadata_block_header.driveFirmwareRevisionLength;
 
    ctx->metadata_block_header.identifier = MetadataBlock;
 
    int pos = sizeof(MetadataBlockHeader);
 
    uint8_t *buffer = calloc(1, ctx->metadata_block_header.blockSize);
    if(buffer == NULL) return;
 
    if(ctx->creator != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.creatorLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->creator, ctx->metadata_block_header.creatorLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.creatorOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.creatorLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->comments != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.commentsLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->comments, ctx->metadata_block_header.commentsLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.commentsOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.commentsLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->media_title != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaTitleLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->media_title, ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaTitleLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaTitleOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaTitleLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->media_manufacturer != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaManufacturerLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->media_manufacturer, ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaManufacturerLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaManufacturerOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaManufacturerLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->media_model != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaModelLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->media_model, ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaModelLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaModelOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaModelLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->media_serial_number != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaSerialNumberLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->media_serial_number, ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaSerialNumberLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaSerialNumberOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaSerialNumberLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->media_barcode != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaBarcodeLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->media_barcode, ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaBarcodeLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaBarcodeOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaBarcodeLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->media_part_number != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaPartNumberLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->media_part_number, ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaPartNumberLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaPartNumberOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.mediaPartNumberLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->drive_manufacturer != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.driveManufacturerLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->drive_manufacturer, ctx->metadata_block_header.driveManufacturerLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.driveManufacturerOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.driveManufacturerLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->drive_model != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.driveModelLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->drive_model, ctx->metadata_block_header.driveModelLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.driveModelOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.driveModelLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->drive_serial_number != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.driveSerialNumberLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->drive_serial_number, ctx->metadata_block_header.driveSerialNumberLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.driveSerialNumberOffset = pos;
        pos += ctx->metadata_block_header.driveSerialNumberLength;
    }
 
    if(ctx->drive_firmware_revision != NULL && ctx->metadata_block_header.driveFirmwareRevisionLength > 0)
    {
        memcpy(buffer + pos, ctx->drive_firmware_revision, ctx->metadata_block_header.driveFirmwareRevisionLength);
        ctx->metadata_block_header.driveFirmwareRevisionOffset = pos;
    }
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    memcpy(buffer, &ctx->metadata_block_header, sizeof(MetadataBlockHeader));
 
    TRACE("Writing metadata block at position %ld", block_position);
 
    if(fwrite(buffer, ctx->metadata_block_header.blockSize, 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote metadata block");
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing metadata block index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == MetadataBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing metadata block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add metadata block to index
        TRACE("Adding metadata block to index");
        IndexEntry index_entry;
        index_entry.blockType = MetadataBlock;
        index_entry.dataType  = 0;
        index_entry.offset    = block_position;
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added metadata block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
    }
 
    free(buffer);
}

static void write_dumphw_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
 
    if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data == NULL || ctx->dump_hardware_header.entries == 0 ||
       ctx->dump_hardware_header.identifier != DumpHardwareBlock)
        return;
 
    const size_t required_length = sizeof(DumpHardwareHeader) + ctx->dump_hardware_header.length;
 
    uint8_t *buffer = calloc(1, required_length);
 
    if(buffer == NULL) return;
 
    // Start to iterate and copy the data
    size_t offset = sizeof(DumpHardwareHeader);
    for(int i = 0; i < ctx->dump_hardware_header.entries; i++)
    {
        size_t entry_size = sizeof(DumpHardwareEntry) +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.manufacturerLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.modelLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.revisionLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.firmwareLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.serialLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareNameLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareVersionLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareOperatingSystemLength +
                            ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.extents * sizeof(DumpExtent);
 
        if(offset + entry_size > required_length)
        {
            FATAL("Calculated size exceeds provided buffer length");
            free(buffer);
            return;
        }
 
        memcpy(buffer + offset, &ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry, sizeof(DumpHardwareEntry));
        offset += sizeof(DumpHardwareEntry);
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.manufacturerLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].manufacturer != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].manufacturer,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.manufacturerLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.manufacturerLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.modelLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].model != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].model,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.modelLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.modelLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.revisionLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].revision != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].revision,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.revisionLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.revisionLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.firmwareLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].firmware != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].firmware,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.firmwareLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.firmwareLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.serialLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].serial != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].serial,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.serialLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.serialLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareNameLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].softwareName != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].softwareName,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareNameLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareNameLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareVersionLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].softwareVersion != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].softwareVersion,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareVersionLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareVersionLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareOperatingSystemLength > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].softwareOperatingSystem != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].softwareOperatingSystem,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareOperatingSystemLength);
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.softwareOperatingSystemLength;
        }
        if(ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.extents > 0 &&
           ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].extents != NULL)
        {
            memcpy(buffer + offset, ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].extents,
                   ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.extents * sizeof(DumpExtent));
            offset += ctx->dump_hardware_entries_with_data[i].entry.extents * sizeof(DumpExtent);
        }
    }
 
    // Calculate CRC64
    ctx->dump_hardware_header.crc64 =
        aaruf_crc64_data(buffer + sizeof(DumpHardwareHeader), ctx->dump_hardware_header.length);
 
    // Copy header
    memcpy(buffer, &ctx->dump_hardware_header, sizeof(DumpHardwareHeader));
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
    TRACE("Writing dump hardware block at position %ld", block_position);
    if(fwrite(buffer, required_length, 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote dump hardware block");
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing dump hardware block index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == DumpHardwareBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing dump hardware block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add dump hardware block to index
        TRACE("Adding dump hardware block to index");
        IndexEntry index_entry;
        index_entry.blockType = DumpHardwareBlock;
        index_entry.dataType  = 0;
        index_entry.offset    = block_position;
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added dump hardware block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
    }
 
    free(buffer);
}

static void write_cicm_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->cicm_block == NULL || ctx->cicm_block_header.length == 0 || ctx->cicm_block_header.identifier != CicmBlock)
        return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
 
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing CICM XML block at position %ld", block_position);
    if(fwrite(&ctx->cicm_block_header, sizeof(CicmMetadataBlock), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1 &&
       fwrite(ctx->cicm_block, ctx->cicm_block_header.length, 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote CICM XML block");
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing CICM XML block index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == CicmBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing CICM XML block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add CICM block to index
        TRACE("Adding CICM XML block to index");
        IndexEntry index_entry;
        index_entry.blockType = CicmBlock;
        index_entry.dataType  = 0;
        index_entry.offset    = block_position;
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added CICM XML block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
    }
}

static void write_aaru_json_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->json_block == NULL || ctx->json_block_header.length == 0 ||
       ctx->json_block_header.identifier != AaruMetadataJsonBlock)
        return;
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
 
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing Aaru metadata JSON block at position %ld", block_position);
    if(fwrite(&ctx->json_block_header, sizeof(AaruMetadataJsonBlockHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1 &&
       fwrite(ctx->json_block, ctx->json_block_header.length, 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote Aaru metadata JSON block");
 
        // Remove any previously existing index entries of the same type before adding
        TRACE("Removing any previously existing Aaru metadata JSON block index entries");
        for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
        {
            const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
            if(entry && entry->blockType == AaruMetadataJsonBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
            {
                TRACE("Found existing Aaru metadata JSON block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
                utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            }
        }
 
        // Add Aaru metadata JSON block to index
        TRACE("Adding Aaru metadata JSON block to index");
        IndexEntry index_entry;
        index_entry.blockType = AaruMetadataJsonBlock;
        index_entry.dataType  = 0;
        index_entry.offset    = block_position;
        utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
        ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        TRACE("Added Aaru metadata JSON block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, block_position);
    }
}

static void remove_dpm_index_entries(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    for(int k = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries) - 1; k >= 0; k--)
    {
        const IndexEntry *entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_eltptr(ctx->index_entries, k);
 
        if(entry && entry->blockType == DataPositionMeasurementBlock && entry->dataType == 0)
        {
            TRACE("Found existing DPM block index entry at position %d, removing", k);
            utarray_erase(ctx->index_entries, k, 1);
            ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
        }
    }
}

static void write_dpm_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    if(ctx->dpm_block == NULL || ctx->dpm_block_length == 0)
    {
        TRACE("No DPM to write, removing any previous DPM block from the index");
        remove_dpm_index_entries(ctx);
 
        return;
    }
 
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     block_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
 
    if(block_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = block_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        block_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    TRACE("Writing DPM block at position %" PRId64, (int64_t)block_position);
 
    if(fwrite(ctx->dpm_block, ctx->dpm_block_length, 1, ctx->imageStream) != 1)
    {
        TRACE("Could not write DPM block");
 
        return;
    }
 
    remove_dpm_index_entries(ctx);
 
    IndexEntry index_entry;
    index_entry.blockType = DataPositionMeasurementBlock;
    index_entry.dataType  = 0;
    index_entry.offset    = block_position;
    utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &index_entry);
    ctx->dirty_index_block = true;
    TRACE("Added DPM block index entry at offset %" PRIu64, (uint64_t)block_position);
}

static int32_t write_flux_capture_payload(aaruformat_context *ctx, FluxCaptureRecord *record, FluxEntry *entry)
{
    uint64_t data_length  = record->data_length;
    uint64_t index_length = record->index_length;
    uint64_t raw_length   = data_length + index_length;
 
    if(raw_length > UINT32_MAX)
    {
        FATAL("Flux capture raw length exceeds 32-bit limit (%" PRIu64 ")", raw_length);
        return AARUF_ERROR_INCORRECT_DATA_SIZE;
    }
 
    uint8_t *raw_buffer = NULL;
    if(raw_length != 0)
    {
        raw_buffer = malloc(raw_length);
        if(raw_buffer == NULL)
        {
            FATAL("Could not allocate %" PRIu64 " bytes for flux serialization", raw_length);
            return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        }
 
        if(data_length != 0 && record->data_buffer != NULL) memcpy(raw_buffer, record->data_buffer, data_length);
        if(index_length != 0 && record->index_buffer != NULL)
            memcpy(raw_buffer + data_length, record->index_buffer, index_length);
    }
 
    uint64_t raw_crc = raw_length != 0 && raw_buffer != NULL ? aaruf_crc64_data(raw_buffer, raw_length) : 0;
 
    CompressionType compression =
        ctx->compression_enabled ? (ctx->use_zstd ? kCompressionZstd : kCompressionLzma) : kCompressionNone;
 
    uint8_t *compressed_buffer = NULL;
    uint32_t cmp_length        = 0;
    uint64_t cmp_crc           = 0;
 
    if(compression == kCompressionLzma)
    {
        size_t cmp_capacity = raw_length ? raw_length * 2 + 65536 : LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH + 16;
        if(cmp_capacity < raw_length + LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH) cmp_capacity = raw_length + LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
 
        uint8_t *cmp_stream = malloc(cmp_capacity);
        if(cmp_stream == NULL)
        {
            free(raw_buffer);
            FATAL("Could not allocate %zu bytes for LZMA flux compression", cmp_capacity);
            return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        }
 
        size_t  dst_size                           = cmp_capacity;
        uint8_t lzma_props[LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH] = {0};
        size_t  props_size                         = LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH;
        int32_t error_no = aaruf_lzma_encode_buffer(cmp_stream, &dst_size, raw_buffer, raw_length, lzma_props,
                                                    &props_size, 9, ctx->lzma_dict_size, 4, 0, 2, 273, LZMA_THREADS(ctx));
 
        if(error_no != 0 || props_size != LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH || dst_size >= raw_length)
        {
            TRACE("Flux capture compression fell back to uncompressed (err=%d, dst=%zu, raw=%" PRIu64 ")", error_no,
                  dst_size, raw_length);
            compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(cmp_stream);
        }
        else
        {
            cmp_length        = (uint32_t)(dst_size + LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH);
            compressed_buffer = malloc(cmp_length);
            if(compressed_buffer == NULL)
            {
                free(cmp_stream);
                free(raw_buffer);
                FATAL("Could not allocate %u bytes for flux compressed payload", cmp_length);
                return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
            }
 
            memcpy(compressed_buffer, lzma_props, LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH);
            memcpy(compressed_buffer + LZMA_PROPERTIES_LENGTH, cmp_stream, dst_size);
            cmp_crc = aaruf_crc64_data(compressed_buffer, cmp_length);
            free(cmp_stream);
            free(raw_buffer);
            raw_buffer = NULL;
        }
    }
    else if(compression == kCompressionZstd)
    {
        size_t cmp_capacity = raw_length ? raw_length * 2 + 65536 : 16;
 
        uint8_t *cmp_stream = malloc(cmp_capacity);
        if(cmp_stream == NULL)
        {
            free(raw_buffer);
            FATAL("Could not allocate %zu bytes for zstd flux compression", cmp_capacity);
            return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        }
 
        size_t dst_size =
            aaruf_zstd_encode_buffer(cmp_stream, cmp_capacity, raw_buffer, raw_length, ctx->zstd_level, ctx->num_threads);
 
        if(dst_size == 0 || dst_size >= raw_length)
        {
            TRACE("Flux capture zstd compression fell back to uncompressed (dst=%zu, raw=%" PRIu64 ")", dst_size,
                  raw_length);
            compression = kCompressionNone;
            free(cmp_stream);
        }
        else
        {
            cmp_length        = (uint32_t)dst_size;
            compressed_buffer      = cmp_stream;
            cmp_crc                = aaruf_crc64_data(compressed_buffer, cmp_length);
            ctx->has_zstd_blocks = true;
            free(raw_buffer);
            raw_buffer = NULL;
        }
    }
 
    if(compression == kCompressionNone)
    {
        cmp_length        = (uint32_t)raw_length;
        cmp_crc           = raw_crc;
        compressed_buffer = raw_buffer;
        raw_buffer        = NULL;
    }
 
    // Align stream position to block boundary
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     payload_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask   = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(payload_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = payload_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        payload_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    DataStreamPayloadHeader payload_header = {0};
    payload_header.identifier              = DataStreamPayloadBlock;
    payload_header.dataType                = kDataTypeFluxData;
    payload_header.compression             = (uint16_t)compression;
    payload_header.cmpLength               = cmp_length;
    payload_header.length                  = (uint32_t)raw_length;
    payload_header.cmpCrc64                = cmp_crc;
    payload_header.crc64                   = raw_crc;
 
    if(fwrite(&payload_header, sizeof(DataStreamPayloadHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) != 1)
    {
        free(compressed_buffer);
        free(raw_buffer);
        FATAL("Could not write flux payload header");
        return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_BLOCK_HEADER;
    }
 
    if(cmp_length != 0 && compressed_buffer != NULL && fwrite(compressed_buffer, cmp_length, 1, ctx->imageStream) != 1)
    {
        free(compressed_buffer);
        free(raw_buffer);
        FATAL("Could not write flux payload data");
        return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA;
    }
 
    IndexEntry payload_entry;
    payload_entry.blockType = DataStreamPayloadBlock;
    payload_entry.dataType  = kDataTypeFluxData;
    payload_entry.offset    = payload_position;
    utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &payload_entry);
 
    entry->head            = record->entry.head;
    entry->track           = record->entry.track;
    entry->subtrack        = record->entry.subtrack;
    entry->captureIndex    = record->entry.captureIndex;
    entry->dataResolution  = record->entry.dataResolution;
    entry->indexResolution = record->entry.indexResolution;
    entry->indexOffset     = record->data_length;
    entry->payloadOffset   = payload_position >> ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift;
 
    record->entry = *entry;
 
    free(compressed_buffer);
    free(raw_buffer);
 
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}

static int32_t write_flux_blocks(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    TRACE("Entering write_flux_blocks(%p)", ctx);
 
    if(ctx == NULL || ctx->imageStream == NULL)
    {
        FATAL("Invalid context when writing flux blocks");
        return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_AARUFORMAT;
    }
 
    if(ctx->flux_captures == NULL || utarray_len(ctx->flux_captures) == 0)
    {
        TRACE("No flux captures enqueued, skipping flux block serialization");
        return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
    }
 
    size_t capture_count = utarray_len(ctx->flux_captures);
    if(capture_count > UINT16_MAX)
    {
        FATAL("Flux capture count exceeds header capacity (%zu > %u)", capture_count, UINT16_MAX);
        return AARUF_ERROR_INCORRECT_DATA_SIZE;
    }
 
    FluxEntry *previous_entries = ctx->flux_entries;
    ctx->flux_entries           = NULL;
 
    FluxEntry *entries = malloc(capture_count * sizeof(FluxEntry));
    if(entries == NULL)
    {
        ctx->flux_entries = previous_entries;
        FATAL("Could not allocate %zu bytes for flux entries", capture_count * sizeof(FluxEntry));
        return AARUF_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
    }
 
    size_t idx = 0;
    for(FluxCaptureRecord *record = (FluxCaptureRecord *)utarray_front(ctx->flux_captures); record != NULL;
        record                    = (FluxCaptureRecord *)utarray_next(ctx->flux_captures, record), ++idx)
    {
        int32_t res = write_flux_capture_payload(ctx, record, &entries[idx]);
        if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK)
        {
            free(entries);
            ctx->flux_entries = previous_entries;
            return res;
        }
    }
 
    FluxHeader header          = {0};
    header.identifier          = FluxDataBlock;
    header.entries             = (uint16_t)capture_count;
    header.blockAlignmentShift = ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift;
    header.crc64 =
        capture_count == 0 ? 0 : aaruf_crc64_data((const uint8_t *)entries, capture_count * sizeof(FluxEntry));
 
    // Align stream position to block boundary
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t     metadata_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
    const uint64_t alignment_mask    = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(metadata_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        const uint64_t aligned_position = metadata_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        metadata_position = aligned_position;
    }
 
    if(fwrite(&header, sizeof(FluxHeader), 1, ctx->imageStream) != 1)
    {
        free(entries);
        ctx->flux_entries = previous_entries;
        FATAL("Could not write flux metadata header");
        return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_BLOCK_HEADER;
    }
 
    if(capture_count != 0)
    {
        size_t written_entries = fwrite(entries, sizeof(FluxEntry), capture_count, ctx->imageStream);
        if(written_entries != capture_count)
        {
            free(entries);
            ctx->flux_entries = previous_entries;
            FATAL("Could not write %zu flux entries (wrote %zu)", capture_count, written_entries);
            return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_BLOCK_DATA;
        }
    }
 
    IndexEntry metadata_entry;
    metadata_entry.blockType = FluxDataBlock;
    metadata_entry.dataType  = 0;
    metadata_entry.offset    = metadata_position;
    utarray_push_back(ctx->index_entries, &metadata_entry);
 
    if(previous_entries != NULL) free(previous_entries);
    ctx->flux_entries     = entries;
    ctx->flux_data_header = header;
 
    utarray_free(ctx->flux_captures);
    ctx->flux_captures = NULL;
 
    int32_t map_result = flux_map_rebuild_from_entries(ctx);
    if(map_result != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return map_result;
 
    TRACE("Wrote %zu flux captures", capture_count);
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}

static int32_t write_index_block(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    // Write the complete index at the end of the file
    TRACE("Writing index at the end of the file");
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_END);
    aaru_off_t index_position = aaruf_ftell(ctx->imageStream);
 
    // Align index position to block boundary if needed
    uint64_t alignment_mask = (1ULL << ctx->user_data_ddt_header.blockAlignmentShift) - 1;
    if(index_position & alignment_mask)
    {
        uint64_t aligned_position = index_position + alignment_mask & ~alignment_mask;
        aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, aligned_position, SEEK_SET);
        index_position = aligned_position;
        TRACE("Aligned index position to %" PRIu64, aligned_position);
    }
 
    // Prepare index header
    IndexHeader3 index_header;
    index_header.identifier = IndexBlock3;
    index_header.entries    = utarray_len(ctx->index_entries);
    index_header.previous   = 0;  // No previous index for now
 
    TRACE("Writing index with %" PRIu64 " entries at position %ld", index_header.entries, index_position);
 
    // Calculate CRC64 of index entries
    crc64_ctx *index_crc64_context = aaruf_crc64_init();
    if(index_crc64_context != NULL && index_header.entries > 0)
    {
        size_t index_data_size = index_header.entries * sizeof(IndexEntry);
        aaruf_crc64_update(index_crc64_context, utarray_front(ctx->index_entries), index_data_size);
        aaruf_crc64_final(index_crc64_context, &index_header.crc64);
        TRACE("Calculated index CRC64: 0x%16lX", index_header.crc64);
    }
    else
        index_header.crc64 = 0;
 
    // Free CRC64 context
    aaruf_crc64_free(index_crc64_context);
 
    // Write index header
    if(fwrite(&index_header, sizeof(IndexHeader3), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
    {
        TRACE("Successfully wrote index header");
 
        // Write index entries
        if(index_header.entries > 0)
        {
            size_t      entries_written = 0;
            IndexEntry *entry           = NULL;
 
            for(entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_front(ctx->index_entries); entry != NULL;
                entry = (IndexEntry *)utarray_next(ctx->index_entries, entry))
                if(fwrite(entry, sizeof(IndexEntry), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
                {
                    entries_written++;
                    TRACE("Wrote index entry: blockType=0x%08X dataType=%u offset=%" PRIu64, entry->blockType,
                          entry->dataType, entry->offset);
                }
                else
                {
                    TRACE("Failed to write index entry %zu", entries_written);
                    break;
                }
 
            if(entries_written == index_header.entries)
            {
                TRACE("Successfully wrote all %zu index entries", entries_written);
 
                // Update header with index offset and rewrite it
                ctx->header.indexOffset = index_position;
                TRACE("Updating header with index offset: %" PRIu64, ctx->header.indexOffset);
 
                // Seek back to beginning and rewrite header
                aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_SET);
                if(fwrite(&ctx->header, sizeof(AaruHeaderV2), 1, ctx->imageStream) == 1)
                    TRACE("Successfully updated header with index offset");
                else
                {
                    TRACE("Failed to update header with index offset");
                    return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                TRACE("Failed to write all index entries (wrote %zu of %" PRIu64 ")", entries_written,
                      index_header.entries);
                return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        TRACE("Failed to write index header");
        return AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
    }
 
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}

int32_t aaruf_finalize_write(aaruformat_context *ctx)
{
    TRACE("File is writing");
 
    if(ctx->has_zstd_blocks) ctx->header.featureIncompatible |= AARU_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ZSTD;
 
    TRACE("Seeking to start of image");
    // Write the header at the beginning of the file
    aaruf_fseek(ctx->imageStream, 0, SEEK_SET);
 
    TRACE("Writing header at position 0");
    if(fwrite(&ctx->header, sizeof(AaruHeaderV2), 1, ctx->imageStream) != 1)
    {
        fclose(ctx->imageStream);
        ctx->imageStream = NULL;
        errno            = AARUF_ERROR_CANNOT_WRITE_HEADER;
        return -1;
    }
 
    // Close current block first
    TRACE("Closing current block if any");
    if(ctx->writing_buffer != NULL)
    {
        int error = aaruf_close_current_block(ctx);
 
        if(error != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return error;
    }
 
    int32_t res;
    if(ctx->is_tape)
    {
        // Write tape DDT
        if(ctx->dirty_tape_ddt)
        {
            res = write_tape_ddt(ctx);
            if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return res;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Write cached secondary DDT table if any
        if(ctx->dirty_secondary_ddt)
        {
            res = write_cached_secondary_ddt(ctx);
            if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return res;
        }
 
        // Write primary DDT table (multi-level) if applicable
        if(ctx->dirty_primary_ddt)
        {
            res = write_primary_ddt(ctx);
            if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return res;
        }
 
        // Write single-level DDT table if applicable
        if(ctx->dirty_single_level_ddt)
        {
            res = write_single_level_ddt(ctx);
            if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return res;
        }
    }
 
    // Finalize checksums and write checksum block
    if(ctx->dirty_checksum_block) write_checksum_block(ctx);
 
    // Write tracks block
    if(ctx->dirty_tracks_block) write_tracks_block(ctx);
 
    // Write flux capture blocks
    if(ctx->dirty_flux_block)
    {
        res = write_flux_blocks(ctx);
        if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return res;
    }
 
    // Write MODE 2 subheader data block
    if(ctx->dirty_mode2_subheaders_block) write_mode2_subheaders_block(ctx);
 
    // Write CD sector prefix data block
    if(ctx->dirty_sector_prefix_block) write_sector_prefix(ctx);
 
    // Write sector prefix DDT (statuses + optional indexes)
    if(ctx->dirty_sector_prefix_ddt) write_sector_prefix_ddt(ctx);
 
    // Write CD sector suffix data block (EDC/ECC captures)
    if(ctx->dirty_sector_suffix_block) write_sector_suffix(ctx);
 
    // Write sector prefix DDT (EDC/ECC captures)
    if(ctx->dirty_sector_suffix_ddt) write_sector_suffix_ddt(ctx);
 
    // Write sector subchannel data block
    if(ctx->dirty_sector_subchannel_block) write_sector_subchannel(ctx);
 
    // Write DVD long sector data blocks
    if(ctx->dirty_dvd_long_sector_blocks) write_dvd_long_sector_blocks(ctx);
 
    // Write Blu-ray sector EDC block (long sectors)
    if(ctx->dirty_bd_sector_edc_block) write_bd_sector_edc_block(ctx);
 
    // Write DVD decrypted title keys
    if(ctx->dirty_dvd_title_key_decrypted_block) write_dvd_title_key_decrypted_block(ctx);
 
    // Write media tags data blocks
    if(ctx->dirty_media_tags) write_media_tags(ctx);
 
    // Write tape files
    if(ctx->dirty_tape_file_block) write_tape_file_block(ctx);
 
    // Write tape partitions
    if(ctx->dirty_tape_partition_block) write_tape_partition_block(ctx);
 
    // Write geometry block if any
    if(ctx->dirty_geometry_block) write_geometry_block(ctx);
 
    // Write metadata block
    if(ctx->dirty_metadata_block) write_metadata_block(ctx);
 
    // Write dump hardware block if any
    if(ctx->dirty_dumphw_block) write_dumphw_block(ctx);
 
    // Write CICM XML block if any
    if(ctx->dirty_cicm_block) write_cicm_block(ctx);
 
    // Write Aaru metadata JSON block if any
    if(ctx->dirty_json_block) write_aaru_json_block(ctx);
 
    // Write Data Position Measurement block
    if(ctx->dirty_dpm_block) write_dpm_block(ctx);
 
    // Write the complete index at the end of the file
    if(ctx->dirty_index_block)
    {
        res = write_index_block(ctx);
        if(res != AARUF_STATUS_OK) return res;
    }
 
    // Write erasure coding parity, ECMB, and recovery footer
    ec_finalize(ctx);
 
    if(ctx->deduplicate && ctx->sector_hash_map != NULL)
    {
        TRACE("Clearing sector hash map");
        // Clear sector hash map
        free_map(ctx->sector_hash_map);
        ctx->sector_hash_map = NULL;
    }
 
    return AARUF_STATUS_OK;
}