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rocky
2003-07-28 10:46:24 +00:00
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doc/libcdio.texi
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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ development.''
@titlepage
@title GNU libcdio library
@subtitle $Id: libcdio.texi,v 1.1 2003/07/28 02:25:37 rocky Exp $
@subtitle $Id: libcdio.texi,v 1.2 2003/07/28 10:46:24 rocky Exp $
@author Rocky Bernstein et al.
@page
@@ -199,41 +199,26 @@ The CD-ROM specification or "Yellow Book" followed a few years later
and describes the extension of CD's to store computer data,
i.e. CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory).
The Yellow book CD standard defines two modes:
The Yellow book CD standard defines two modes: Mode1 and Mode1.
@subsection Mode1
Mode 1 is the data storage mode used by to store computer
data. The data is laid out in basically the same way as in and audio
CD format, except that the 2,352 bytes of data in each block are
broken down further. 2,048 of these bytes are for "real" data. The
other 304 bytes are used for an additional level of error detecting
and correcting code. This is necessary because data CDs cannot
tolerate the loss of a handful of bits now and then, the way audio
CDs can.
@subsection Mode2
Mode 2 data CDs are the same as mode 1 CDs except that the error
detecting and correcting codes are omitted. This is similar to audio
CDs, i.e. the mode 2 format provides a more flexible vehicle for
storing types of data that do not require high data integrity: for
example, graphics and video can use this format. But in contrast to
the Red book standard, different modes can be mixed together; this is
the basis for the extensions to the original data CD standards known
as CD-ROM Extended Architecture, or CD-ROM XA. CD-ROM XA formats
currently in use are CD-I Bridge formats, Photo CD and VideoCD plus
Sony's Playstation.
@menu
* Mode1:: Mode 1 Format
* Mode2:: Mode 2 Format
@end menu
@subsection ISO-9660
The Yellow Book does not actually specify how data is to be stored on
or retrieved from a CD-ROM. It was feared that many different
companies would implement proprietary data storage formats using this
specification, resulting in many different incompatible data CDs. To
try to prevent this, representatives of major manufacturers met at the
High Sierra Hotel and Casino in Lake Tahoe, NV, in 1985, to come
together on a common standard for data CDs. This format was nicknamed
High Sierra Format. It was later modified slightly and adopted as ISO
standard 9660. ISO 9660 consists of several "levels":
prevent this, representatives of major manufacturers met at the High
Sierra Hotel and Casino in Lake Tahoe, NV, in 1985, to define a
standard for storing data on CDs. This format was nicknamed High
Sierra Format. In a slightly modified form it was later adopted as ISO
the ISO 9660 standard. This standard is further broken down into
3 "levels", the higher the level, the more permissive.
@subsubsection Level1
Level 1 ISO 9660 defines names in the 8+3 convention so familiar to
MS-DOS: eight characters for the filename, a period, and
then three characters for the file type, all in upper case. The
@@ -242,9 +227,11 @@ requires that files occupy a contiguous range of sectors. This allows
a file to be specified with a start block and a count. The maximum
directory depth is 8.
@subsubsection Level2
Level 2 ISO 9660 allows far more flexibility in filenames, but isn't
usable on some systems, notably MS-DOS.
@subsubsection Level3
Level 3 ISO-9660 allows non-contiguous files, useful if the file was
written in multiple packets with packet-writing software.
@@ -258,6 +245,30 @@ Another extension is the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP), which
enables the recording of sufficient information to support POSIX File
System semantics.
@node Mode1
@subsection Mode1
Mode 1 is the data storage mode used by to store computer
data. The data is laid out in basically the same way as in and audio
CD format, except that the 2,352 bytes of data in each block are
broken down further. 2,048 of these bytes are for "real" data. The
other 304 bytes are used for an additional level of error detecting
and correcting code. This is necessary because data CDs cannot
tolerate the loss of a handful of bits now and then, the way audio
CDs can.
@node Mode2
@subsection Mode2
Mode 2 data CDs are the same as mode 1 CDs except that the error
detecting and correcting codes are omitted. This is similar to audio
CDs, i.e. the mode 2 format provides a more flexible vehicle for
storing types of data that do not require high data integrity: for
example, graphics and video can use this format. But in contrast to
the Red book standard, different modes can be mixed together; this is
the basis for the extensions to the original data CD standards known
as CD-ROM Extended Architecture, or CD-ROM XA. CD-ROM XA formats
currently in use are CD-I Bridge formats, Photo CD and VideoCD plus
Sony's Playstation.
@node White Book
@section White Book
The White Book, finalized in 1993, defines the VideoCD specification