/*
 * VFIO regions
 *
 * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
 *
 * Authors:
 *  Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
 *
 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
 * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 *
 * Based on qemu-kvm device-assignment:
 *  Adapted for KVM by Qumranet.
 *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Alex Novik (alex@neocleus.com)
 *  Copyright (c) 2007, Neocleus, Guy Zana (guy@neocleus.com)
 *  Copyright (C) 2008, Qumranet, Amit Shah (amit.shah@qumranet.com)
 *  Copyright (C) 2008, Red Hat, Amit Shah (amit.shah@redhat.com)
 *  Copyright (C) 2008, IBM, Muli Ben-Yehuda (muli@il.ibm.com)
 */

#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include "hw/vfio/vfio-region.h"
#include "hw/vfio/vfio-device.h"
#include "hw/core/hw-error.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "qemu/units.h"
#include "monitor/monitor.h"
#include "system/ramblock.h"
#include "vfio-helpers.h"

/*
 * IO Port/MMIO - Beware of the endians, VFIO is always little endian
 */
void vfio_region_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                       uint64_t data, unsigned size)
{
    VFIORegion *region = opaque;
    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
    union {
        uint8_t byte;
        uint16_t word;
        uint32_t dword;
        uint64_t qword;
    } buf;
    int ret;

    switch (size) {
    case 1:
        buf.byte = data;
        break;
    case 2:
        buf.word = cpu_to_le16(data);
        break;
    case 4:
        buf.dword = cpu_to_le32(data);
        break;
    case 8:
        buf.qword = cpu_to_le64(data);
        break;
    default:
        hw_error("vfio: unsupported write size, %u bytes", size);
        break;
    }

    ret = vbasedev->io_ops->region_write(vbasedev, region->nr,
                                         addr, size, &buf, region->post_wr);
    if (ret != size) {
        error_report("%s(%s:region%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", 0x%"PRIx64
                     ",%d) failed: %s",
                     __func__, vbasedev->name, region->nr,
                     addr, data, size, strwriteerror(ret));
    }

    trace_vfio_region_write(vbasedev->name, region->nr, addr, data, size);

    /*
     * A read or write to a BAR always signals an INTx EOI.  This will
     * do nothing if not pending (including not in INTx mode).  We assume
     * that a BAR access is in response to an interrupt and that BAR
     * accesses will service the interrupt.  Unfortunately, we don't know
     * which access will service the interrupt, so we're potentially
     * getting quite a few host interrupts per guest interrupt.
     */
    vbasedev->ops->vfio_eoi(vbasedev);
}

uint64_t vfio_region_read(void *opaque,
                          hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
{
    VFIORegion *region = opaque;
    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
    union {
        uint8_t byte;
        uint16_t word;
        uint32_t dword;
        uint64_t qword;
    } buf;
    uint64_t data = 0;
    int ret;

    ret = vbasedev->io_ops->region_read(vbasedev, region->nr, addr, size, &buf);
    if (ret != size) {
        error_report("%s(%s:region%d+0x%"HWADDR_PRIx", %d) failed: %s",
                     __func__, vbasedev->name, region->nr,
                     addr, size, strreaderror(ret));
        return (uint64_t)-1;
    }
    switch (size) {
    case 1:
        data = buf.byte;
        break;
    case 2:
        data = le16_to_cpu(buf.word);
        break;
    case 4:
        data = le32_to_cpu(buf.dword);
        break;
    case 8:
        data = le64_to_cpu(buf.qword);
        break;
    default:
        hw_error("vfio: unsupported read size, %u bytes", size);
        break;
    }

    trace_vfio_region_read(vbasedev->name, region->nr, addr, size, data);

    /* Same as write above */
    vbasedev->ops->vfio_eoi(vbasedev);

    return data;
}

static const MemoryRegionOps vfio_region_ops = {
    .read = vfio_region_read,
    .write = vfio_region_write,
    .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
    .valid = {
        .min_access_size = 1,
        .max_access_size = 8,
    },
    .impl = {
        .min_access_size = 1,
        .max_access_size = 8,
    },
};

static int vfio_mmap_compare_offset(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    const VFIOMmap *mmap_a = a;
    const VFIOMmap *mmap_b = b;

    if (mmap_a->offset < mmap_b->offset) {
        return -1;
    } else if (mmap_a->offset > mmap_b->offset) {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int vfio_setup_region_sparse_mmaps(VFIORegion *region,
                                          struct vfio_region_info *info,
                                          Error **errp)
{
    struct vfio_info_cap_header *hdr;
    struct vfio_region_info_cap_sparse_mmap *sparse;
    int i, j;

    hdr = vfio_get_region_info_cap(info, VFIO_REGION_INFO_CAP_SPARSE_MMAP);
    if (!hdr) {
        return -ENODEV;
    }

    sparse = container_of(hdr, struct vfio_region_info_cap_sparse_mmap, header);

    trace_vfio_region_sparse_mmap_header(region->vbasedev->name,
                                         region->nr, sparse->nr_areas);

    region->mmaps = g_new0(VFIOMmap, sparse->nr_areas);

    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < sparse->nr_areas; i++) {
        if (sparse->areas[i].size) {
            trace_vfio_region_sparse_mmap_entry(i, sparse->areas[i].offset,
                                            sparse->areas[i].offset +
                                            sparse->areas[i].size - 1);
            region->mmaps[j].offset = sparse->areas[i].offset;
            region->mmaps[j].size = sparse->areas[i].size;
            j++;
        }
    }

    region->nr_mmaps = j;
    region->mmaps = g_realloc(region->mmaps, j * sizeof(VFIOMmap));

    /*
     * Sort sparse mmaps by offset to ensure proper handling of gaps
     * and predictable mapping order in vfio_region_mmap().
     */
    if (region->nr_mmaps > 1) {
        qsort(region->mmaps, region->nr_mmaps, sizeof(VFIOMmap),
              vfio_mmap_compare_offset);

        /*
         * Validate that sparse regions don't overlap after sorting.
         */
        for (i = 1; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
            off_t prev_end = region->mmaps[i - 1].offset +
                             region->mmaps[i - 1].size;
            if (prev_end > region->mmaps[i].offset) {
                error_setg(errp, "%s: overlapping sparse mmap regions detected "
                           "in region %d: [0x%"PRIx64"-0x%"PRIx64"] overlaps "
                           "with [0x%"PRIx64"-0x%"PRIx64"]",
                           __func__, region->nr, region->mmaps[i - 1].offset,
                           prev_end - 1, region->mmaps[i].offset,
                           region->mmaps[i].offset + region->mmaps[i].size - 1);
                g_free(region->mmaps);
                region->mmaps = NULL;
                region->nr_mmaps = 0;
                return -EINVAL;
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

int vfio_region_setup(Object *obj, VFIODevice *vbasedev, VFIORegion *region,
                      int index, const char *name, Error **errp)
{
    struct vfio_region_info *info = NULL;
    int ret;

    ret = vfio_device_get_region_info(vbasedev, index, &info);
    if (ret) {
        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "failed to get region %d info", index);
        return ret;
    }

    region->vbasedev = vbasedev;
    region->flags = info->flags;
    region->size = info->size;
    region->fd_offset = info->offset;
    region->nr = index;
    region->post_wr = false;

    if (region->size) {
        region->mem = g_new0(MemoryRegion, 1);
        memory_region_init_io(region->mem, obj, &vfio_region_ops,
                              region, name, region->size);

        if (!vbasedev->no_mmap &&
            region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_MMAP) {

            ret = vfio_setup_region_sparse_mmaps(region, info, errp);

            if (ret == -ENODEV) {
                region->nr_mmaps = 1;
                region->mmaps = g_new0(VFIOMmap, region->nr_mmaps);
                region->mmaps[0].offset = 0;
                region->mmaps[0].size = region->size;
            } else if (ret) {
                return ret;
            }
        }
    }

    trace_vfio_region_setup(vbasedev->name, index, name,
                            region->flags, region->fd_offset, region->size);
    return 0;
}

static void vfio_subregion_unmap(VFIORegion *region, int index)
{
    trace_vfio_region_unmap(memory_region_name(&region->mmaps[index].mem),
                            region->mmaps[index].offset,
                            region->mmaps[index].offset +
                            region->mmaps[index].size - 1);
    memory_region_del_subregion(region->mem, &region->mmaps[index].mem);
    munmap(region->mmaps[index].mmap, region->mmaps[index].size);
    object_unparent(OBJECT(&region->mmaps[index].mem));
    region->mmaps[index].mmap = NULL;
}

static bool vfio_region_create_dma_buf(VFIORegion *region, Error **errp)
{
    g_autofree struct vfio_device_feature *feature = NULL;
    VFIODevice *vbasedev = region->vbasedev;
    struct vfio_device_feature_dma_buf *dma_buf;
    size_t total_size;
    int i, ret;

    /* Check if backend supports DMA-BUF creation */
    if (!(vbasedev->io_ops->capabilities & VFIO_IO_CAP_DMA_BUF)) {
        return true;
    }

    total_size = sizeof(*feature) + sizeof(*dma_buf) +
                 sizeof(struct vfio_region_dma_range) * region->nr_mmaps;
    feature = g_malloc0(total_size);
    *feature = (struct vfio_device_feature) {
        .argsz = total_size,
        .flags = VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE_GET | VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE_DMA_BUF,
    };

    dma_buf = (void *)feature->data;
    *dma_buf = (struct vfio_device_feature_dma_buf) {
        .region_index = region->nr,
        .open_flags = O_RDWR,
        .nr_ranges = region->nr_mmaps,
    };

    for (i = 0; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
        dma_buf->dma_ranges[i].offset = region->mmaps[i].offset;
        dma_buf->dma_ranges[i].length = region->mmaps[i].size;
    }

    ret = vfio_device_get_feature(vbasedev, feature);
    if (ret < 0) {
        if (ret == -ENOTTY) {
            warn_report_once("VFIO dma-buf not supported in kernel: "
                             "PCI BAR IOMMU mappings may fail");
            return true;
        }
        /* P2P DMA or exposing device memory use cases are not supported. */
        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "%s: failed to create dma-buf: "
                         "PCI BAR IOMMU mappings may fail",
                         memory_region_name(region->mem));
        return false;
    }

    /* Assign the dmabuf fd to associated RAMBlock */
    for (i = 0; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
        MemoryRegion *mr = &region->mmaps[i].mem;
        RAMBlock *ram_block = mr->ram_block;

        ram_block->fd = ret;
        ram_block->fd_offset = region->mmaps[i].offset;
        trace_vfio_region_dmabuf(region->vbasedev->name, ret, region->nr,
                                 memory_region_name(region->mem),
                                 region->mmaps[i].offset,
                                 region->mmaps[i].size);
    }
    return true;
}

int vfio_region_mmap(VFIORegion *region)
{
    void *map_base, *map_align;
    Error *local_err = NULL;
    int i, ret, prot = 0;
    off_t map_offset = 0;
    size_t align;
    char *name;
    int fd;

    if (!region->mem || !region->nr_mmaps) {
        return 0;
    }

    prot |= region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ ? PROT_READ : 0;
    prot |= region->flags & VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_WRITE ? PROT_WRITE : 0;

    /*
     * Align the mmap for more efficient mapping in the kernel. Ideally
     * we'd know the PMD and PUD mapping sizes to use as discrete alignment
     * intervals, but we don't. As of Linux v6.19, the largest PUD size
     * supporting huge pfnmap is 1GiB (ARCH_SUPPORTS_PUD_PFNMAP is only set
     * on x86_64).
     *
     * Align by power-of-two of the size of the entire region - capped
     * by 1G - and place the sparse subregions at their appropriate offset.
     * This will get maximum alignment.
     *
     * NB. qemu_memalign() and friends actually allocate memory, whereas
     * the region size here can exceed host memory, therefore we manually
     * create an oversized anonymous mapping and clean it up for alignment.
     */

    align = MIN(pow2ceil(region->size), 1 * GiB);

    map_base = mmap(0, region->size + align, PROT_NONE,
                    MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
    if (map_base == MAP_FAILED) {
        ret = -errno;
        trace_vfio_region_mmap_fault(memory_region_name(region->mem), -1,
                                     region->fd_offset,
                                     region->fd_offset + region->size - 1, ret);
        return ret;
    }

    fd = vfio_device_get_region_fd(region->vbasedev, region->nr);

    map_align = (void *)ROUND_UP((uintptr_t)map_base, (uintptr_t)align);
    munmap(map_base, map_align - map_base);
    munmap(map_align + region->size,
           align - (map_align - map_base));

    /*
     * Regions should already be sorted by vfio_setup_region_sparse_mmaps().
     * This is critical for the following algorithm which relies on range
     * offsets being in ascending order.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
        munmap(map_align + map_offset, region->mmaps[i].offset - map_offset);
        region->mmaps[i].mmap = mmap(map_align + region->mmaps[i].offset,
                                     region->mmaps[i].size, prot,
                                     MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED, fd,
                                     region->fd_offset +
                                     region->mmaps[i].offset);
        if (region->mmaps[i].mmap == MAP_FAILED) {
            ret = -errno;
            /*
             * Only unmap the rest of the region. Any mmaps that were successful
             * will be unmapped in no_mmap.
             */
            munmap(map_align + region->mmaps[i].offset,
                   region->size - region->mmaps[i].offset);
            goto no_mmap;
        }

        name = g_strdup_printf("%s mmaps[%d]",
                               memory_region_name(region->mem), i);
        memory_region_init_ram_device_ptr(&region->mmaps[i].mem,
                                          memory_region_owner(region->mem),
                                          name, region->mmaps[i].size,
                                          region->mmaps[i].mmap);
        g_free(name);
        memory_region_add_subregion(region->mem, region->mmaps[i].offset,
                                    &region->mmaps[i].mem);

        trace_vfio_region_mmap(memory_region_name(&region->mmaps[i].mem),
                               region->mmaps[i].offset,
                               region->mmaps[i].offset +
                               region->mmaps[i].size - 1);

        map_offset = region->mmaps[i].offset + region->mmaps[i].size;
    }

    /*
     * Unmap the rest of the region not covered by sparse mmap.
     */
    if (map_offset < region->size) {
        munmap(map_align + map_offset, region->size - map_offset);
    }

    if (!vfio_region_create_dma_buf(region, &local_err)) {
        error_report_err(local_err);
    }

    return 0;

no_mmap:
    trace_vfio_region_mmap_fault(memory_region_name(region->mem), i,
                                 region->fd_offset + region->mmaps[i].offset,
                                 region->fd_offset + region->mmaps[i].offset +
                                 region->mmaps[i].size - 1, ret);

    region->mmaps[i].mmap = NULL;

    for (i--; i >= 0; i--) {
        vfio_subregion_unmap(region, i);
    }

    return ret;
}

void vfio_region_exit(VFIORegion *region)
{
    int i;

    if (!region->mem) {
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
        if (region->mmaps[i].mmap) {
            memory_region_del_subregion(region->mem, &region->mmaps[i].mem);
        }
    }

    trace_vfio_region_exit(region->vbasedev->name, region->nr);
}

void vfio_region_finalize(VFIORegion *region)
{
    int i;

    if (!region->mem) {
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
        if (region->mmaps[i].mmap) {
            munmap(region->mmaps[i].mmap, region->mmaps[i].size);
        }
    }

    g_free(region->mem);
    g_free(region->mmaps);

    trace_vfio_region_finalize(region->vbasedev->name, region->nr);

    region->mem = NULL;
    region->mmaps = NULL;
    region->nr_mmaps = 0;
    region->size = 0;
    region->flags = 0;
    region->nr = 0;
}

void vfio_region_mmaps_set_enabled(VFIORegion *region, bool enabled)
{
    int i;

    if (!region->mem) {
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < region->nr_mmaps; i++) {
        if (region->mmaps[i].mmap) {
            memory_region_set_enabled(&region->mmaps[i].mem, enabled);
        }
    }

    trace_vfio_region_mmaps_set_enabled(memory_region_name(region->mem),
                                        enabled);
}
