// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// Licensed under the MIT license.

#include "pch.h"
#include "CascadiaSettings.h"
#include "CascadiaSettings.g.cpp"

#include "DefaultTerminal.h"
#include "FileUtils.h"

#include <LibraryResources.h>
#include <VersionHelpers.h>
#include <WtExeUtils.h>

#include <shellapi.h>
#include <shlwapi.h>
#include <til/latch.h>

using namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal;
using namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Settings;
using namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Settings::Model::implementation;
using namespace winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Control;
using namespace winrt::Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace Microsoft::Console;

// Creating a child of a profile requires us to copy certain
// required attributes. This method handles those attributes.
//
// NOTE however that it doesn't call _FinalizeInheritance() for you! Don't forget that!
//
// At the time of writing only one caller needs to call _FinalizeInheritance(),
// which is why this unsafety wasn't further abstracted away.
winrt::com_ptr<Profile> Model::implementation::CreateChild(const winrt::com_ptr<Profile>& parent)
{
    // If you add more fields here, make sure to do the same in
    // SettingsLoader::_addUserProfileParent().
    auto profile = winrt::make_self<Profile>();
    profile->Origin(OriginTag::User);
    profile->Name(parent->Name());
    profile->Guid(parent->Guid());
    profile->Hidden(parent->Hidden());
    profile->AddLeastImportantParent(parent);
    return profile;
}

winrt::hstring CascadiaSettings::Hash() const noexcept
{
    return _hash;
}

Model::CascadiaSettings CascadiaSettings::Copy() const
{
    const auto settings{ winrt::make_self<CascadiaSettings>() };

    // user settings
    {
        std::vector<Model::Profile> allProfiles;
        std::vector<Model::Profile> activeProfiles;
        allProfiles.reserve(_allProfiles.Size());
        activeProfiles.reserve(_activeProfiles.Size());

        // Clone the graph of profiles.
        // _baseLayerProfile is part of the graph
        // and thus needs to be handled here as well.
        {
            std::vector<winrt::com_ptr<Profile>> sourceProfiles;
            std::vector<winrt::com_ptr<Profile>> targetProfiles;
            sourceProfiles.reserve(allProfiles.size());
            targetProfiles.reserve(allProfiles.size());

            for (const auto& profile : _allProfiles)
            {
                winrt::com_ptr<Profile> profileImpl;
                profileImpl.copy_from(winrt::get_self<Profile>(profile));
                sourceProfiles.emplace_back(std::move(profileImpl));
            }

            // Profiles are basically a directed acyclic graph. Cloning it without creating duplicated nodes,
            // requires us to "intern" visited profiles. Thus the "visited" map contains a cache of
            // previously cloned profiles/sub-graphs. It maps from source-profile-pointer to cloned-profile.
            std::unordered_map<const Profile*, winrt::com_ptr<Profile>> visited;
            // I'm just gonna estimate that each profile has 3 parents at most on average:
            // * base layer
            // * fragment
            // * inbox defaults
            visited.reserve(sourceProfiles.size() * 3);

            // _baseLayerProfile is part of the profile graph.
            // In order to get a reference to the clone, we need to copy it explicitly.
            settings->_baseLayerProfile = _baseLayerProfile->CopyInheritanceGraph(visited);
            Profile::CopyInheritanceGraphs(visited, sourceProfiles, targetProfiles);

            for (const auto& profile : targetProfiles)
            {
                allProfiles.emplace_back(*profile);
                if (!profile->Hidden())
                {
                    activeProfiles.emplace_back(*profile);
                }
            }
        }

        settings->_globals = _globals->Copy();
        settings->_allProfiles = winrt::single_threaded_observable_vector(std::move(allProfiles));
        settings->_activeProfiles = winrt::single_threaded_observable_vector(std::move(activeProfiles));
    }

    // load errors
    {
        std::vector<Model::SettingsLoadWarnings> warnings{ _warnings.Size() };
        _warnings.GetMany(0, warnings);

        settings->_warnings = winrt::single_threaded_vector(std::move(warnings));
        settings->_loadError = _loadError;
        settings->_deserializationErrorMessage = _deserializationErrorMessage;
    }

    // defterm
    settings->_currentDefaultTerminal = _currentDefaultTerminal;

    return *settings;
}

// Method Description:
// - Finds a profile that matches the given GUID. If there is no profile in this
//      settings object that matches, returns nullptr.
// Arguments:
// - guid: the GUID of the profile to return.
// Return Value:
// - a strong reference to the profile matching the given guid, or nullptr
//      if there is no match.
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::FindProfile(const winrt::guid& guid) const noexcept
{
    for (const auto& profile : _allProfiles)
    {
        if (profile.Guid() == guid)
        {
            return profile;
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

// Method Description:
// - Returns an iterable collection of all of our Profiles.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - an iterable collection of all of our Profiles.
IObservableVector<Model::Profile> CascadiaSettings::AllProfiles() const noexcept
{
    return _allProfiles;
}

// Method Description:
// - Returns an iterable collection of all of our non-hidden Profiles.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - an iterable collection of all of our Profiles.
IObservableVector<Model::Profile> CascadiaSettings::ActiveProfiles() const noexcept
{
    return _activeProfiles;
}

// Method Description:
// - Returns the globally configured keybindings
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - the globally configured keybindings
Model::ActionMap CascadiaSettings::ActionMap() const noexcept
{
    return _globals->ActionMap();
}

// Method Description:
// - Get a reference to our global settings
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - a reference to our global settings
Model::GlobalAppSettings CascadiaSettings::GlobalSettings() const
{
    return *_globals;
}

// Method Description:
// - Get a reference to our profiles.defaults object
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - a reference to our profile.defaults object
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::ProfileDefaults() const
{
    return *_baseLayerProfile;
}

// Method Description:
// - Create a new profile based off the default profile settings.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - a reference to the new profile
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::CreateNewProfile()
{
    if (_allProfiles.Size() == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
    {
        // Shouldn't really happen
        return nullptr;
    }

    std::wstring newName;
    for (uint32_t candidateIndex = 0, count = _allProfiles.Size() + 1; candidateIndex < count; candidateIndex++)
    {
        // There is a theoretical unsigned integer wraparound, which is OK
        newName = fmt::format(L"Profile {}", count + candidateIndex);
        if (std::none_of(begin(_allProfiles), end(_allProfiles), [&](auto&& profile) { return profile.Name() == newName; }))
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    const auto newProfile = _createNewProfile(newName);
    _allProfiles.Append(*newProfile);
    _activeProfiles.Append(*newProfile);
    return *newProfile;
}

template<typename T>
static bool isProfilesDefaultsOrigin(const T& profile)
{
    return profile && profile.Origin() != winrt::Microsoft::Terminal::Settings::Model::OriginTag::ProfilesDefaults;
}

template<typename T>
static bool isProfilesDefaultsOriginSub(const T& sub)
{
    return sub && isProfilesDefaultsOrigin(sub.SourceProfile());
}

// Method Description:
// - Duplicate a new profile based off another profile's settings
// - This differs from Profile::Copy because it also copies over settings
//   that were not defined in the json (for example, settings that were
//   defined in one of the parents)
// - This will not duplicate settings that were defined in profiles.defaults
//   however, because we do not want the json blob generated from the new profile
//   to contain those settings
// Arguments:
// - source: the Profile object we are duplicating (must not be null)
// Return Value:
// - a reference to the new profile
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::DuplicateProfile(const Model::Profile& source)
{
    THROW_HR_IF_NULL(E_INVALIDARG, source);

    auto newName = fmt::format(L"{} ({})", source.Name(), RS_(L"CopySuffix"));

    // Check if this name already exists and if so, append a number
    for (uint32_t candidateIndex = 0, count = _allProfiles.Size() + 1; candidateIndex < count; ++candidateIndex)
    {
        if (std::none_of(begin(_allProfiles), end(_allProfiles), [&](auto&& profile) { return profile.Name() == newName; }))
        {
            break;
        }
        // There is a theoretical unsigned integer wraparound, which is OK
        newName = fmt::format(L"{} ({} {})", source.Name(), RS_(L"CopySuffix"), candidateIndex + 2);
    }

    const auto duplicated = _createNewProfile(newName);

#define NEEDS_DUPLICATION(settingName) source.Has##settingName() || isProfilesDefaultsOrigin(source.settingName##OverrideSource())
#define NEEDS_DUPLICATION_SUB(source, settingName) source.Has##settingName() || isProfilesDefaultsOriginSub(source.settingName##OverrideSource())

#define DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO(settingName)           \
    if (NEEDS_DUPLICATION(settingName))                \
    {                                                  \
        duplicated->settingName(source.settingName()); \
    }

#define DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(source, target, settingName) \
    if (NEEDS_DUPLICATION_SUB(source, settingName))              \
    {                                                            \
        target.settingName(source.settingName());                \
    }

    // If the source is hidden and the Settings UI creates a
    // copy of it we don't want the copy to be hidden as well.
    // --> Don't do DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO(Hidden);

#define DUPLICATE_PROFILE_SETTINGS(type, name, jsonKey, ...) \
    DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO(name);

    MTSM_PROFILE_SETTINGS(DUPLICATE_PROFILE_SETTINGS)
#undef DUPLICATE_PROFILE_SETTINGS

    // These aren't in MTSM_PROFILE_SETTINGS because they're special
    DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO(TabColor);
    DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO(Padding);

    {
        const auto font = source.FontInfo();
        const auto target = duplicated->FontInfo();

#define DUPLICATE_FONT_SETTINGS(type, name, jsonKey, ...) \
    DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(font, target, name);

        MTSM_FONT_SETTINGS(DUPLICATE_FONT_SETTINGS)
#undef DUPLICATE_FONT_SETTINGS
    }

    {
        const auto appearance = source.DefaultAppearance();
        const auto target = duplicated->DefaultAppearance();

#define DUPLICATE_APPEARANCE_SETTINGS(type, name, jsonKey, ...) \
    DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, name);

        MTSM_APPEARANCE_SETTINGS(DUPLICATE_APPEARANCE_SETTINGS)
#undef DUPLICATE_APPEARANCE_SETTINGS

        // These aren't in MTSM_APPEARANCE_SETTINGS because they're special
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, Foreground);
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, Background);
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, SelectionBackground);
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, CursorColor);
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, Opacity);
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, DarkColorSchemeName);
        DUPLICATE_SETTING_MACRO_SUB(appearance, target, LightColorSchemeName);
    }

    // UnfocusedAppearance is treated as a single setting,
    // but requires a little more legwork to duplicate properly
    if (NEEDS_DUPLICATION(UnfocusedAppearance))
    {
        // It is alright to simply call CopyAppearance here instead of needing a separate function
        // like DuplicateAppearance since UnfocusedAppearance is treated as a single setting.
        const auto unfocusedAppearance = AppearanceConfig::CopyAppearance(
            winrt::get_self<AppearanceConfig>(source.UnfocusedAppearance()),
            winrt::weak_ref<Model::Profile>(*duplicated));

        // Make sure to add the default appearance of the duplicated profile as a parent to the duplicate's UnfocusedAppearance
        winrt::com_ptr<AppearanceConfig> defaultAppearance;
        defaultAppearance.copy_from(winrt::get_self<AppearanceConfig>(duplicated->DefaultAppearance()));
        unfocusedAppearance->AddLeastImportantParent(defaultAppearance);

        duplicated->UnfocusedAppearance(*unfocusedAppearance);
    }

    // GH#12120: Check if the connection type isn't just the default value. If
    // it is, then we should copy it. The only case this applies right now is
    // for the Azure Cloud Shell, which is the only thing that has a non-{}
    // guid. The user's version of this profile won't have connectionType set,
    // because it inherits the setting from the parent. If we fail to copy it
    // here, they won't actually get a Azure shell profile.
    if (source.ConnectionType() != winrt::guid{})
    {
        duplicated->ConnectionType(source.ConnectionType());
    }

    _allProfiles.Append(*duplicated);
    _activeProfiles.Append(*duplicated);
    return *duplicated;
}

// Method Description:
// - Gets our list of warnings we found during loading. These are things that we
//   knew were bad when we called `_ValidateSettings` last.
// Return Value:
// - a reference to our list of warnings.
IVectorView<Model::SettingsLoadWarnings> CascadiaSettings::Warnings() const
{
    return _warnings.GetView();
}

winrt::Windows::Foundation::IReference<Model::SettingsLoadErrors> CascadiaSettings::GetLoadingError() const
{
    return _loadError;
}

winrt::hstring CascadiaSettings::GetSerializationErrorMessage() const
{
    return _deserializationErrorMessage;
}

// As used by CreateNewProfile and DuplicateProfile this function
// creates a new Profile instance with a random UUID and a given name.
winrt::com_ptr<Profile> CascadiaSettings::_createNewProfile(const std::wstring_view& name) const
{
    // Technically there's Utils::CreateV5Uuid which we could use, but I wanted
    // truly globally unique UUIDs for profiles created through the settings UI.
    GUID guid{};
    LOG_IF_FAILED(CoCreateGuid(&guid));

    auto profile = CreateChild(_baseLayerProfile);
    profile->_FinalizeInheritance();
    profile->Guid(guid);
    profile->Name(winrt::hstring{ name });
    return profile;
}

// Method Description:
// - Attempts to validate this settings structure. If there are critical errors
//   found, they'll be thrown as a SettingsLoadError. Non-critical errors, such
//   as not finding the default profile, will only result in an error. We'll add
//   all these warnings to our list of warnings, and the application can chose
//   to display these to the user.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - <none>
void CascadiaSettings::_validateSettings()
{
    _validateAllSchemesExist();
    _validateMediaResources();
    _validateKeybindings();
    _validateColorSchemesInCommands();
    _validateThemeExists();
}

// Method Description:
// - Ensures that every profile has a valid "color scheme" set. If any profile
//   has a colorScheme set to a value which is _not_ the name of an actual color
//   scheme, we'll set the color table of the profile to something reasonable.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - <none>
// - Appends a SettingsLoadWarnings::UnknownColorScheme to our list of warnings if
//   we find any such duplicate.
void CascadiaSettings::_validateAllSchemesExist()
{
    const auto colorSchemes = _globals->ColorSchemes();
    auto foundInvalidDarkScheme = false;
    auto foundInvalidLightScheme = false;

    for (const auto& profile : _allProfiles)
    {
        for (const auto& appearance : std::array{ profile.DefaultAppearance(), profile.UnfocusedAppearance() })
        {
            if (appearance && !colorSchemes.HasKey(appearance.DarkColorSchemeName()))
            {
                // Clear the user set dark color scheme. We'll just fallback instead.
                appearance.ClearDarkColorSchemeName();
                foundInvalidDarkScheme = true;
            }
            if (appearance && !colorSchemes.HasKey(appearance.LightColorSchemeName()))
            {
                // Clear the user set light color scheme. We'll just fallback instead.
                appearance.ClearLightColorSchemeName();
                foundInvalidLightScheme = true;
            }
        }
    }

    if (foundInvalidDarkScheme || foundInvalidLightScheme)
    {
        _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::UnknownColorScheme);
    }
}

// Method Description:
// - Ensures that all specified images resources (icons and background images) are valid URIs.
//   This does not verify that the icon or background image files are encoded as an image.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - <none>
// - Appends a SettingsLoadWarnings::InvalidBackgroundImage to our list of warnings if
//   we find any invalid background images.
// - Appends a SettingsLoadWarnings::InvalidIconImage to our list of warnings if
//   we find any invalid icon images.
void CascadiaSettings::_validateMediaResources()
{
    auto invalidBackground{ false };
    auto invalidIcon{ false };

    for (auto profile : _allProfiles)
    {
        if (const auto path = profile.DefaultAppearance().ExpandedBackgroundImagePath(); !path.empty())
        {
            // Attempt to convert the path to a URI, the ctor will throw if it's invalid/unparseable.
            // This covers file paths on the machine, app data, URLs, and other resource paths.
            try
            {
                winrt::Windows::Foundation::Uri imagePath{ path };
            }
            catch (...)
            {
                // reset background image path
                profile.DefaultAppearance().ClearBackgroundImagePath();
                invalidBackground = true;
            }
        }

        if (profile.UnfocusedAppearance())
        {
            if (const auto path = profile.UnfocusedAppearance().ExpandedBackgroundImagePath(); !path.empty())
            {
                // Attempt to convert the path to a URI, the ctor will throw if it's invalid/unparseable.
                // This covers file paths on the machine, app data, URLs, and other resource paths.
                try
                {
                    winrt::Windows::Foundation::Uri imagePath{ path };
                }
                catch (...)
                {
                    // reset background image path
                    profile.UnfocusedAppearance().ClearBackgroundImagePath();
                    invalidBackground = true;
                }
            }
        }

        // Anything longer than 2 wchar_t's _isn't_ an emoji or symbol,
        // so treat it as an invalid path.
        if (const auto icon = profile.Icon(); icon.size() > 2)
        {
            const auto iconPath{ wil::ExpandEnvironmentStringsW<std::wstring>(icon.c_str()) };
            try
            {
                winrt::Windows::Foundation::Uri imagePath{ iconPath };
            }
            catch (...)
            {
                profile.ClearIcon();
                invalidIcon = true;
            }
        }
    }

    if (invalidBackground)
    {
        _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::InvalidBackgroundImage);
    }

    if (invalidIcon)
    {
        _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::InvalidIcon);
    }
}

// Method Description:
// - Helper to get the GUID of a profile, given an optional index and a possible
//   "profile" value to override that.
// - First, we'll try looking up the profile for the given index. This will
//   either get us the GUID of the Nth profile, or the GUID of the default
//   profile.
// - Then, if there was a Profile set in the NewTerminalArgs, we'll use that to
//   try and look the profile up by either GUID or name.
// Arguments:
// - index: if provided, the index in the list of profiles to get the GUID for.
//   If omitted, instead use the default profile's GUID
// - newTerminalArgs: An object that may contain a profile name or GUID to
//   actually use. If the Profile value is not a guid, we'll treat it as a name,
//   and attempt to look the profile up by name instead.
// Return Value:
// - the GUID of the profile corresponding to this combination of index and NewTerminalArgs
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::GetProfileForArgs(const Model::NewTerminalArgs& newTerminalArgs) const
{
    if (newTerminalArgs)
    {
        if (const auto name = newTerminalArgs.Profile(); !name.empty())
        {
            if (auto profile = GetProfileByName(name))
            {
                return profile;
            }
        }

        if (const auto index = newTerminalArgs.ProfileIndex())
        {
            if (auto profile = GetProfileByIndex(gsl::narrow<uint32_t>(index.Value())))
            {
                return profile;
            }
            else
            {
                // GH#11114 - Return NOTHING if they asked for a profile index
                // outside the range of available profiles.
                // Really, the caller should check this beforehand
                return nullptr;
            }
        }

        if (const auto commandLine = newTerminalArgs.Commandline(); !commandLine.empty())
        {
            if (auto profile = _getProfileForCommandLine(commandLine))
            {
                return profile;
            }
        }
    }

    // If the user has access to the "Defaults" profile, and no profile was otherwise specified,
    // what we do is dependent on whether there was a commandline.
    // If there was a commandline (case 1), we we'll launch in the "Defaults" profile.
    // If there wasn't a commandline or there wasn't a NewTerminalArgs (case 2), we'll
    //   launch in the user's actual default profile.
    // Case 2 above could be the result of a "nt" or "sp" invocation that doesn't specify anything.
    // TODO GH#10952: Detect the profile based on the commandline (add matching support)
    return (!newTerminalArgs || newTerminalArgs.Commandline().empty()) ?
               FindProfile(GlobalSettings().DefaultProfile()) :
               ProfileDefaults();
}

// The method does some crude command line matching for our console hand-off support.
// If you have hand-off enabled and start PowerShell from the start menu we might be called with
//   "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe -WorkingDirectory ~"
// This function then checks all known user profiles for one that's compatible with the commandLine.
// In this case we might have a profile with the command line
//   "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
// This function will then match this profile return it.
//
// If no matching profile could be found a nullptr will be returned.
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::_getProfileForCommandLine(const winrt::hstring& commandLine) const
{
    // We're going to cache all the command lines we got, as
    // NormalizeCommandLine is a relatively heavy operation.
    std::call_once(_commandLinesCacheOnce, [this]() {
        _commandLinesCache.reserve(_allProfiles.Size());

        for (const auto& profile : _allProfiles)
        {
            if (profile.ConnectionType() != winrt::guid{})
            {
                continue;
            }

            const auto cmd = profile.Commandline();
            if (cmd.empty())
            {
                continue;
            }

            try
            {
                _commandLinesCache.emplace_back(NormalizeCommandLine(cmd.c_str()), profile);
            }
            CATCH_LOG()
        }

        // We're trying to find the command line with the longest common prefix below.
        // Given the commandLine "foo.exe -bar -baz" and these two user profiles:
        // * "foo.exe"
        // * "foo.exe -bar"
        // we want to choose the second one. By sorting the _commandLinesCache in a descending order
        // by command line length, we can return from this function the moment we found a matching
        // profile as there cannot possibly be any other profile anymore with a longer command line.
        std::stable_sort(_commandLinesCache.begin(), _commandLinesCache.end(), [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
            return lhs.first.size() > rhs.first.size();
        });
    });

    try
    {
        const auto needle = NormalizeCommandLine(commandLine.c_str());

        // til::starts_with(string, prefix) will always return false if prefix.size() > string.size().
        // --> Using binary search we can safely skip all items in _commandLinesCache where .first.size() > needle.size().
        const auto end = _commandLinesCache.end();
        auto it = std::lower_bound(_commandLinesCache.begin(), end, needle, [&](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs) {
            return lhs.first.size() > rhs.size();
        });

        // `it` is now at a position where it->first.size() <= needle.size().
        // Hopefully we'll now find a command line with matching prefix.
        for (; it != end; ++it)
        {
            const auto& prefix = it->first;
            const auto length = gsl::narrow<int>(prefix.size());
            if (CompareStringOrdinal(needle.data(), length, prefix.data(), length, TRUE) == CSTR_EQUAL)
            {
                return it->second;
            }
        }
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        LOG_CAUGHT_EXCEPTION();
    }

    return nullptr;
}

// Given a commandLine like the following:
// * "C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe"
// * "pwsh -WorkingDirectory ~"
// * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
// * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe -WorkingDirectory ~"
//
// This function returns:
// * "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe"
// * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe\0-WorkingDirectory\0~"
// * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
// * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe\0-WorkingDirectory\0~"
//
// The resulting strings are then used for comparisons in _getProfileForCommandLine().
// For instance a resulting string of
//   "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
// is considered a compatible profile with
//   "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe -WorkingDirectory ~"
// as it shares the same (normalized) prefix.
std::wstring CascadiaSettings::NormalizeCommandLine(LPCWSTR commandLine)
{
    // Turn "%SystemRoot%\System32\cmd.exe" into "C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe".
    // We do this early, as environment variables might occur anywhere in the commandLine.
    std::wstring normalized;
    THROW_IF_FAILED(wil::ExpandEnvironmentStringsW(commandLine, normalized));

    // One of the most important things this function does is to strip quotes.
    // That way the commandLine "foo.exe -bar" and "\"foo.exe\" \"-bar\"" appear identical.
    // We'll abuse CommandLineToArgvW for that as it's close to what CreateProcessW uses.
    auto argc = 0;
    wil::unique_hlocal_ptr<PWSTR[]> argv{ CommandLineToArgvW(normalized.c_str(), &argc) };
    THROW_LAST_ERROR_IF(!argc);

    // The index of the first argument in argv for our executable in argv[0].
    // Given {"C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe", "-WorkingDirectory", "~"} this will be 1.
    auto startOfArguments = 1;

    // The given commandLine should start with an executable name or path.
    // For instance given the following argv arrays:
    // * {"C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe"}
    // * {"pwsh", "-WorkingDirectory", "~"}
    // * {"C:\Program", "Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"}
    //               ^^^^
    //   Notice how there used to be a space in the path, which was split by ExpandEnvironmentStringsW().
    //   CreateProcessW() supports such atrocities, so we got to do the same.
    // * {"C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe", "-WorkingDirectory", "~"}
    //
    // This loop tries to resolve relative paths, as well as executable names in %PATH%
    // into absolute paths and normalizes them. The results for the above would be:
    // * "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe"
    // * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
    // * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
    // * "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"
    for (;;)
    {
        // CreateProcessW uses RtlGetExePath to get the lpPath for SearchPathW.
        // The difference between the behavior of SearchPathW if lpPath is nullptr and what RtlGetExePath returns
        // seems to be mostly whether SafeProcessSearchMode is respected and the support for relative paths.
        // Windows Terminal makes the use of relative paths rather impractical which is why we simply dropped the call to RtlGetExePath.
        const auto status = wil::SearchPathW(nullptr, argv[0], L".exe", normalized);

        if (status == S_OK)
        {
            const auto attributes = GetFileAttributesW(normalized.c_str());

            if (attributes != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && WI_IsFlagClear(attributes, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
            {
                std::filesystem::path path{ std::move(normalized) };

                // canonical() will resolve symlinks, etc. for us.
                {
                    std::error_code ec;
                    auto canonicalPath = std::filesystem::canonical(path, ec);
                    if (!ec)
                    {
                        path = std::move(canonicalPath);
                    }
                }

                // std::filesystem::path has no way to extract the internal path.
                // So about that.... I own you, computer. Give me that path.
                normalized = std::move(const_cast<std::wstring&>(path.native()));
                break;
            }
        }
        // All other error types aren't handled at the moment.
        else if (status != HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND))
        {
            break;
        }
        // If the file path couldn't be found by SearchPathW this could be the result of us being given a commandLine
        // like "C:\foo bar\baz.exe -arg" which is resolved to the argv array {"C:\foo", "bar\baz.exe", "-arg"},
        // or we were erroneously given a directory to execute (e.g. someone ran `wt .`).
        // Just like CreateProcessW() we thus try to concatenate arguments until we successfully resolve a valid path.
        // Of course we can only do that if we have at least 2 remaining arguments in argv.
        if ((argc - startOfArguments) < 2)
        {
            break;
        }

        // As described in the comment right above, we concatenate arguments in an attempt to resolve a valid path.
        // The code below turns argv from {"C:\foo", "bar\baz.exe", "-arg"} into {"C:\foo bar\baz.exe", "-arg"}.
        // The code abuses the fact that CommandLineToArgvW allocates all arguments back-to-back on the heap separated by '\0'.
        argv[startOfArguments][-1] = L' ';
        ++startOfArguments;
    }

    // We've (hopefully) finished resolving the path to the executable.
    // We're now going to append all remaining arguments to the resulting string.
    // If argv is {"C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe", "-WorkingDirectory", "~"},
    // then we'll get "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe\0-WorkingDirectory\0~"
    if (startOfArguments < argc)
    {
        // normalized contains a canonical form of argv[0] at this point.
        // -1 allows us to include the \0 between argv[0] and argv[1] in the call to append().
        const auto beg = argv[startOfArguments] - 1;
        const auto lastArg = argv[argc - 1];
        const auto end = lastArg + wcslen(lastArg);
        normalized.append(beg, end);
    }

    return normalized;
}

// Method Description:
// - Helper to get a profile given a name that could be a guid or an actual name.
// Arguments:
// - name: a guid string _or_ the name of a profile
// Return Value:
// - the GUID of the profile corresponding to this name
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::GetProfileByName(const winrt::hstring& name) const
{
    // First, try and parse the "name" as a GUID. If it's a
    // GUID, and the GUID of one of our profiles, then use that as the
    // profile GUID instead. If it's not, then try looking it up as a
    // name of a profile. If it's still not that, then just ignore it.
    if (!name.empty())
    {
        // Do a quick heuristic check - is the profile 38 chars long (the
        // length of a GUID string), and does it start with '{'? Because if
        // it doesn't, it's _definitely_ not a GUID.
        if (name.size() == 38 && name[0] == L'{')
        {
            const auto newGUID{ Utils::GuidFromString(name.c_str()) };
            if (auto profile = FindProfile(newGUID))
            {
                return profile;
            }
        }

        // Here, we were unable to use the profile string as a GUID to
        // lookup a profile. Instead, try using the string to look the
        // Profile up by name.
        for (auto profile : _allProfiles)
        {
            if (profile.Name() == name)
            {
                return profile;
            }
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

// Method Description:
// - Helper to get the profile at the given index in the list of profiles.
// - Returns a nullptr if the index is out of bounds.
// Arguments:
// - index: The profile index in ActiveProfiles()
// Return Value:
// - the Nth profile
Model::Profile CascadiaSettings::GetProfileByIndex(uint32_t index) const
{
    return index < _activeProfiles.Size() ? _activeProfiles.GetAt(index) : nullptr;
}

// Method Description:
// - If there were any warnings we generated while parsing the user's
//   keybindings, add them to the list of warnings here. If there were warnings
//   generated in this way, we'll add a AtLeastOneKeybindingWarning, which will
//   act as a header for the other warnings
// - GH#3522
//   With variable args to keybindings, it's possible that a user
//   set a keybinding without all the required args for an action.
//   Display a warning if an action didn't have a required arg.
//   This will also catch other keybinding warnings, like from GH#4239.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - <none>
void CascadiaSettings::_validateKeybindings() const
{
    const auto keybindingWarnings = _globals->KeybindingsWarnings();

    if (!keybindingWarnings.empty())
    {
        _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::AtLeastOneKeybindingWarning);
        for (auto warning : keybindingWarnings)
        {
            _warnings.Append(warning);
        }
    }
}

// Method Description:
// - Ensures that every "setColorScheme" command has a valid "color scheme" set.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - <none>
// - Appends a SettingsLoadWarnings::InvalidColorSchemeInCmd to our list of warnings if
//   we find any command with an invalid color scheme.
void CascadiaSettings::_validateColorSchemesInCommands() const
{
    auto foundInvalidScheme{ false };
    for (const auto& nameAndCmd : _globals->ActionMap().NameMap())
    {
        if (_hasInvalidColorScheme(nameAndCmd.Value()))
        {
            foundInvalidScheme = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (foundInvalidScheme)
    {
        _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::InvalidColorSchemeInCmd);
    }
}

bool CascadiaSettings::_hasInvalidColorScheme(const Model::Command& command) const
{
    auto invalid{ false };
    if (command.HasNestedCommands())
    {
        for (const auto& nested : command.NestedCommands())
        {
            if (_hasInvalidColorScheme(nested.Value()))
            {
                invalid = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (const auto& actionAndArgs = command.ActionAndArgs())
    {
        if (const auto& realArgs = actionAndArgs.Args().try_as<Model::SetColorSchemeArgs>())
        {
            const auto cmdImpl{ winrt::get_self<Command>(command) };
            // no need to validate iterable commands on color schemes
            // they will be expanded to commands with a valid scheme name
            if (cmdImpl->IterateOn() != ExpandCommandType::ColorSchemes &&
                !_globals->ColorSchemes().HasKey(realArgs.SchemeName()))
            {
                invalid = true;
            }
        }
    }

    return invalid;
}

// Method Description:
// - updates all references to that color scheme with the new name
// Arguments:
// - oldName: the original name for the color scheme
// - newName: the new name for the color scheme
// Return Value:
// - <none>
void CascadiaSettings::UpdateColorSchemeReferences(const winrt::hstring& oldName, const winrt::hstring& newName)
{
    // update profiles.defaults, if necessary
    if (_baseLayerProfile &&
        _baseLayerProfile->DefaultAppearance().HasDarkColorSchemeName() &&
        _baseLayerProfile->DefaultAppearance().DarkColorSchemeName() == oldName)
    {
        _baseLayerProfile->DefaultAppearance().DarkColorSchemeName(newName);
    }
    // NOT else-if, because both could match
    if (_baseLayerProfile &&
        _baseLayerProfile->DefaultAppearance().HasLightColorSchemeName() &&
        _baseLayerProfile->DefaultAppearance().LightColorSchemeName() == oldName)
    {
        _baseLayerProfile->DefaultAppearance().LightColorSchemeName(newName);
    }

    // update all profiles referencing this color scheme
    for (const auto& profile : _allProfiles)
    {
        const auto defaultAppearance = profile.DefaultAppearance();
        if (defaultAppearance.HasLightColorSchemeName() && defaultAppearance.LightColorSchemeName() == oldName)
        {
            defaultAppearance.LightColorSchemeName(newName);
        }
        if (defaultAppearance.HasDarkColorSchemeName() && defaultAppearance.DarkColorSchemeName() == oldName)
        {
            defaultAppearance.DarkColorSchemeName(newName);
        }

        if (auto unfocused{ profile.UnfocusedAppearance() })
        {
            if (unfocused.HasLightColorSchemeName() && unfocused.LightColorSchemeName() == oldName)
            {
                unfocused.LightColorSchemeName(newName);
            }
            if (unfocused.HasDarkColorSchemeName() && unfocused.DarkColorSchemeName() == oldName)
            {
                unfocused.DarkColorSchemeName(newName);
            }
        }
    }
}

winrt::hstring CascadiaSettings::ApplicationDisplayName()
{
    try
    {
        const auto package{ winrt::Windows::ApplicationModel::Package::Current() };
        return package.DisplayName();
    }
    CATCH_LOG();

    return RS_(L"ApplicationDisplayNameUnpackaged");
}

winrt::hstring CascadiaSettings::ApplicationVersion()
{
    try
    {
        const auto package{ winrt::Windows::ApplicationModel::Package::Current() };
        const auto version{ package.Id().Version() };
        winrt::hstring formatted{ wil::str_printf<std::wstring>(L"%u.%u.%u.%u", version.Major, version.Minor, version.Build, version.Revision) };
        return formatted;
    }
    CATCH_LOG();

    // Get the product version the old-fashioned way from the localized version compartment.
    //
    // We explicitly aren't using VS_FIXEDFILEINFO here, because our build pipeline puts
    // a non-standard version number into the localized version field.
    // For instance the fixed file info might contain "1.12.2109.13002",
    // while the localized field might contain "1.11.210830001-release1.11".
    try
    {
        struct LocalizationInfo
        {
            WORD language, codepage;
        };
        // Use the current module instance handle for TerminalApp.dll, nullptr for WindowsTerminal.exe
        auto filename{ wil::GetModuleFileNameW<std::wstring>(wil::GetModuleInstanceHandle()) };
        auto size{ GetFileVersionInfoSizeExW(0, filename.c_str(), nullptr) };
        THROW_LAST_ERROR_IF(size == 0);
        auto versionBuffer{ std::make_unique<std::byte[]>(size) };
        THROW_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(GetFileVersionInfoExW(0, filename.c_str(), 0, size, versionBuffer.get()));

        // Get the list of Version localizations
        LocalizationInfo* pVarLocalization{ nullptr };
        UINT varLen{ 0 };
        THROW_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(VerQueryValueW(versionBuffer.get(), L"\\VarFileInfo\\Translation", reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pVarLocalization), &varLen));
        THROW_HR_IF(E_UNEXPECTED, varLen < sizeof(*pVarLocalization)); // there must be at least one translation

        // Get the product version from the localized version compartment
        // We're using String/ProductVersion here because our build pipeline puts more rich information in it (like the branch name)
        // than in the unlocalized numeric version fields.
        WCHAR* pProductVersion{ nullptr };
        UINT versionLen{ 0 };
        const auto localizedVersionName{ wil::str_printf<std::wstring>(L"\\StringFileInfo\\%04x%04x\\ProductVersion",
                                                                       pVarLocalization->language ? pVarLocalization->language : 0x0409, // well-known en-US LCID
                                                                       pVarLocalization->codepage) };
        THROW_IF_WIN32_BOOL_FALSE(VerQueryValueW(versionBuffer.get(), localizedVersionName.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pProductVersion), &versionLen));
        return { pProductVersion };
    }
    CATCH_LOG();

    return RS_(L"ApplicationVersionUnknown");
}

// Method Description:
// - Determines if we're on an OS platform that supports
//   the default terminal handoff functionality.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - True if OS supports default terminal. False otherwise.
bool CascadiaSettings::IsDefaultTerminalAvailable() noexcept
{
    if (!IsPackaged())
    {
        return false;
    }

    OSVERSIONINFOEXW osver{};
    osver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(osver);
    osver.dwBuildNumber = 22000;

    DWORDLONG dwlConditionMask = 0;
    VER_SET_CONDITION(dwlConditionMask, VER_BUILDNUMBER, VER_GREATER_EQUAL);

    return VerifyVersionInfoW(&osver, VER_BUILDNUMBER, dwlConditionMask) != FALSE;
}

bool CascadiaSettings::IsDefaultTerminalSet() noexcept
{
    return DefaultTerminal::HasCurrent();
}

// Method Description:
// - Returns an iterable collection of all available terminals.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - an iterable collection of all available terminals that could be the default.
IObservableVector<Model::DefaultTerminal> CascadiaSettings::DefaultTerminals() noexcept
{
    _refreshDefaultTerminals();
    return _defaultTerminals;
}

// Method Description:
// - Returns the currently selected default terminal application.
// Arguments:
// - <none>
// Return Value:
// - the selected default terminal application
Settings::Model::DefaultTerminal CascadiaSettings::CurrentDefaultTerminal() noexcept
{
    _refreshDefaultTerminals();
    return _currentDefaultTerminal;
}

// Method Description:
// - Sets the current default terminal application
// Arguments:
// - terminal - Terminal from `DefaultTerminals` list to set as default
// Return Value:
// - <none>
void CascadiaSettings::CurrentDefaultTerminal(const Model::DefaultTerminal& terminal)
{
    _currentDefaultTerminal = terminal;
}

// This function is implicitly called by DefaultTerminals/CurrentDefaultTerminal().
// It reloads the selection of available, installed terminals and caches them.
// WinUI requires us that the `SelectedItem` of a collection is member of the list given to `ItemsSource`.
// It's thus important that _currentDefaultTerminal is a member of _defaultTerminals.
// Right now this is implicitly the case thanks to DefaultTerminal::Available(),
// but in the future it might be worthwhile to change the code to use list indices instead.
void CascadiaSettings::_refreshDefaultTerminals()
{
    if (_defaultTerminals)
    {
        return;
    }

    // This is an extract of extractValueFromTaskWithoutMainThreadAwait
    // as DefaultTerminal::Available creates the exact same issue.
    std::pair<std::vector<Model::DefaultTerminal>, Model::DefaultTerminal> result{ {}, nullptr };
    til::latch latch{ 1 };

    std::ignore = [&]() -> winrt::fire_and_forget {
        const auto cleanup = wil::scope_exit([&]() {
            latch.count_down();
        });
        co_await winrt::resume_background();
        result = DefaultTerminal::Available();
    }();

    latch.wait();
    _defaultTerminals = winrt::single_threaded_observable_vector(std::move(result.first));
    _currentDefaultTerminal = std::move(result.second);
}

void CascadiaSettings::ExportFile(winrt::hstring path, winrt::hstring content)
{
    try
    {
        WriteUTF8FileAtomic({ path.c_str() }, til::u16u8(content));
    }
    CATCH_LOG();
}

void CascadiaSettings::_validateThemeExists()
{
    const auto& themes{ _globals->Themes() };
    if (themes.Size() == 0)
    {
        // We didn't even load the default themes. This should only be possible
        // if the defaults.json didn't include any themes, or if no
        // defaults.json was loaded at all. The second case is especially common
        // in tests (that don't bother with a defaults.json). No matter. Create
        // a default theme under `system` and just stick it in there.

        auto newTheme = winrt::make_self<Theme>();
        newTheme->Name(L"system");
        _globals->AddTheme(*newTheme);
        _globals->Theme(Model::ThemePair{ L"system" });
    }

    const auto& theme{ _globals->Theme() };
    if (theme.DarkName() == theme.LightName())
    {
        // Only one theme. We'll treat it as such.
        if (!themes.HasKey(theme.DarkName()))
        {
            _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::UnknownTheme);
            // safely fall back to system as the theme.
            _globals->Theme(*winrt::make_self<ThemePair>(L"system"));
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Two different themes. Check each separately, and fall back to a
        // reasonable default contextually
        if (!themes.HasKey(theme.LightName()))
        {
            _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::UnknownTheme);
            theme.LightName(L"light");
        }
        if (!themes.HasKey(theme.DarkName()))
        {
            _warnings.Append(SettingsLoadWarnings::UnknownTheme);
            theme.DarkName(L"dark");
        }
    }
}

void CascadiaSettings::ExpandCommands()
{
    _globals->ExpandCommands(ActiveProfiles().GetView(), GlobalSettings().ColorSchemes());
}