Add address sanitizer optional usage.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ project(libaaruformat C)
 # Option to enable slog logging (disabled by default)
 option(USE_SLOG "Enable slog logging" OFF)
 
+# Option to enable address sanitizer (disabled by default)
+option(USE_ASAN "Enable address sanitizer" OFF)
+
 # Set C standard
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
@@ -141,6 +144,23 @@ if("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" MATCHES "Release")
   endif()
 endif()
 
+# Address sanitizer configuration
+if(USE_ASAN)
+  message(STATUS "Address sanitizer enabled")
+
+  if("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "MSVC")
+    # MSVC address sanitizer flags
+    add_compile_options(/fsanitize=address)
+    add_link_options(/fsanitize=address)
+  else()
+    # GCC/Clang address sanitizer flags
+    add_compile_options(-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g)
+    add_link_options(-fsanitize=address)
+  endif()
+else()
+  message(STATUS "Address sanitizer disabled (enable with -DUSE_ASAN=ON)")
+endif()
+
 add_library(aaruformat SHARED
             include/aaruformat/consts.h
             include/aaruformat/enums.h

README.md

@@ -43,3 +43,42 @@ Things to be implemented not in the C# version (maybe):
 - Snapshots
 - Parent images
 - Data positioning measurements
+
+## Building and Testing
+
+### Standard Build
+
+```bash
+mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake ..
+cmake --build .
+```
+
+### Running Tests
+
+```bash
+cd build
+ctest --verbose
+```
+
+### Building with Address Sanitizer
+
+For debugging memory issues, you can build with Address Sanitizer enabled:
+
+```bash
+mkdir build-asan
+cd build-asan
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
+cmake --build .
+ctest --verbose
+```
+
+For detailed information on using Address Sanitizer to detect memory issues,
+see [docs/ASAN_USAGE.md](docs/ASAN_USAGE.md).
+
+### Other Build Options
+
+- `-DUSE_SLOG=ON` - Enable slog logging for debugging
+- `-DUSE_ASAN=ON` - Enable Address Sanitizer for memory error detection
+

docs/ASAN_USAGE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+# Address Sanitizer (ASan) Usage Guide
+
+## Overview
+
+Address Sanitizer (ASan) is a fast memory error detector that helps identify:
+- Buffer overflows (heap, stack, and global)
+- Use-after-free bugs
+- Use-after-return bugs
+- Use-after-scope bugs
+- Double-free bugs
+- Memory leaks
+- Invalid pointer operations
+
+This guide explains how to build and test libaaruformat with Address Sanitizer enabled.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+### Compiler Support
+
+Address Sanitizer requires a modern compiler:
+- **GCC**: Version 4.8 or later
+- **Clang**: Version 3.1 or later
+- **MSVC**: Version 16.9 or later (Visual Studio 2019 16.9+)
+
+### Platform Support
+
+ASan is supported on:
+- Linux (x86_64, ARM, AArch64)
+- macOS (x86_64, ARM64)
+- Windows (x86_64, ARM64)
+
+## Building with Address Sanitizer
+
+### Option 1: Using CMake Command Line
+
+Build the library and tests with ASan enabled:
+
+```bash
+# Create a separate build directory for ASan builds
+mkdir build-asan
+cd build-asan
+
+# Configure with ASan enabled
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON ..
+
+# Build the library and tests
+cmake --build .
+```
+
+### Option 2: Using CMake with Build Type
+
+For additional debug information (recommended):
+
+```bash
+mkdir build-asan
+cd build-asan
+
+# Configure with ASan and Debug build type
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
+
+# Build
+cmake --build .
+```
+
+### Option 3: Cross-Platform Build Script
+
+For convenience, use the provided build script:
+
+```bash
+# On Linux/macOS
+./build.sh -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+
+# On Windows (PowerShell)
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -B build-asan -S .
+cmake --build build-asan
+```
+
+## Running Tests with Address Sanitizer
+
+### Basic Test Execution
+
+Once built with ASan, run the tests normally:
+
+```bash
+cd build-asan
+ctest --verbose
+```
+
+Or run the test executable directly:
+
+```bash
+cd build-asan/tests
+./tests_run
+```
+
+### Understanding ASan Output
+
+When ASan detects an error, it will print a detailed report including:
+
+1. **Error type**: e.g., "heap-buffer-overflow", "use-after-free"
+2. **Stack trace**: Shows where the error occurred
+3. **Memory allocation context**: Shows where the problematic memory was allocated
+4. **Shadow byte legend**: Explains the memory state
+
+Example ASan error output:
+```
+=================================================================
+==12345==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x602000000014 at pc 0x000000400d3c bp 0x7fff5fbff7f0 sp 0x7fff5fbff7e8
+READ of size 4 at 0x602000000014 thread T0
+    #0 0x400d3b in main example.c:5
+    #1 0x7ffff7a05b44 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21b44)
+    #2 0x400c48 in _start (a.out+0x400c48)
+
+0x602000000014 is located 0 bytes to the right of 4-byte region [0x602000000010,0x602000000014)
+allocated by thread T0 here:
+    #0 0x7ffff7aaecf8 in malloc (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.4+0xd9cf8)
+    #1 0x400d06 in main example.c:4
+    #2 0x7ffff7a05b44 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21b44)
+=================================================================
+```
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+ASan behavior can be customized using the `ASAN_OPTIONS` environment variable:
+
+#### Detect Memory Leaks
+
+```bash
+# Enable leak detection (default on Linux, not on macOS by default)
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1
+./tests_run
+```
+
+#### Continue After First Error
+
+```bash
+# By default, ASan stops after the first error. To continue:
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=halt_on_error=0
+./tests_run
+```
+
+#### Save Error Reports to File
+
+```bash
+# Save ASan reports to files instead of stderr
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=log_path=/tmp/asan.log
+./tests_run
+# Reports will be saved as /tmp/asan.log.12345 (with PID)
+```
+
+#### Combine Multiple Options
+
+```bash
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1:log_path=/tmp/asan.log:halt_on_error=0
+./tests_run
+```
+
+#### Useful Options Summary
+
+| Option | Description | Default |
+|--------|-------------|---------|
+| `detect_leaks=1` | Enable memory leak detection | 1 (Linux), 0 (macOS) |
+| `halt_on_error=0` | Continue after first error | 1 |
+| `log_path=path` | Save reports to files | stderr |
+| `verbosity=1` | Increase verbosity level | 0 |
+| `symbolize=1` | Symbolize stack traces | 1 |
+| `abort_on_error=1` | Call abort() on error | 0 |
+| `print_stats=1` | Print statistics at exit | 0 |
+
+## Platform-Specific Notes
+
+### Linux
+
+ASan works out of the box on most Linux distributions. Make sure you have debug symbols installed for better stack traces:
+
+```bash
+# Ubuntu/Debian
+sudo apt-get install binutils
+
+# Fedora/RHEL
+sudo dnf install binutils
+```
+
+### macOS
+
+**Important Note**: Leak detection (`detect_leaks=1`) is **not supported** on macOS. If you try to enable it, ASan will abort with an error: `AddressSanitizer: detect_leaks is not supported on this platform.`
+
+On macOS, use ASan options without leak detection:
+
+```bash
+# Correct for macOS
+export ASAN_OPTIONS="print_stats=1:color=always"
+
+# WRONG - will cause abort on macOS
+export ASAN_OPTIONS="detect_leaks=1"  # Don't use this!
+```
+
+For better symbolization on macOS:
+
+```bash
+# Install llvm-symbolizer if using Clang
+brew install llvm
+export PATH="/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"
+```
+
+System Integrity Protection (SIP) does not need to be disabled for basic ASan functionality.
+
+### Windows (MSVC)
+
+On Windows with MSVC, ASan requires:
+
+1. Visual Studio 2019 version 16.9 or later
+2. The "C++ AddressSanitizer" component installed
+
+Additional MSVC-specific considerations:
+
+```cmd
+REM Run tests in Command Prompt or PowerShell
+cd build-asan\tests
+.\tests_run.exe
+
+REM For better symbols, ensure PDB files are generated
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
+```
+
+## Common Issues and Solutions
+
+### Issue: False Positives
+
+**Problem**: ASan reports errors in third-party libraries you can't fix.
+
+**Solution**: Use suppressions file:
+
+1. Create a file `asan_suppressions.txt`:
+   ```
+   # Suppress leak in third-party library
+   leak:libthirdparty.so
+   ```
+
+2. Set the suppressions file:
+   ```bash
+   export ASAN_OPTIONS=suppressions=./asan_suppressions.txt
+   ./tests_run
+   ```
+
+### Issue: Performance Impact
+
+**Problem**: Tests run significantly slower with ASan.
+
+**Solution**: This is expected. ASan typically adds 2x-3x overhead. Use ASan builds only for debugging, not production.
+
+### Issue: Out of Memory
+
+**Problem**: ASan uses significant additional memory (2x-3x normal).
+
+**Solution**:
+- Run fewer tests in parallel
+- Increase system swap space if needed
+- Test in smaller batches
+
+### Issue: Missing Stack Traces
+
+**Problem**: Stack traces show addresses but no symbols.
+
+**Solution**:
+- Build with debug symbols: `-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug`
+- Install `llvm-symbolizer` and ensure it's in PATH
+- On Linux: Install debug packages for system libraries
+
+## Integration with CI/CD
+
+### GitHub Actions Example
+
+```yaml
+name: ASan Tests
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  asan:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y cmake build-essential
+
+    - name: Build with ASan
+      run: |
+        mkdir build-asan
+        cd build-asan
+        cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
+        cmake --build .
+
+    - name: Run tests with ASan
+      run: |
+        cd build-asan
+        export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1:halt_on_error=1
+        ctest --verbose
+```
+
+### GitLab CI Example
+
+```yaml
+asan-tests:
+  stage: test
+  script:
+    - mkdir build-asan && cd build-asan
+    - cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
+    - cmake --build .
+    - export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1:halt_on_error=1
+    - ctest --verbose
+  artifacts:
+    when: on_failure
+    paths:
+      - build-asan/Testing/Temporary/LastTest.log
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Regular Testing**: Run ASan builds regularly, not just when debugging
+2. **Separate Build Directory**: Always use a separate build directory for ASan builds
+3. **Debug Mode**: Combine ASan with Debug build type for maximum information
+4. **Clean Environment**: Test with a clean environment to avoid interference
+5. **Document Suppressions**: If you use suppressions, document why each one is needed
+6. **CI Integration**: Add ASan tests to your CI pipeline for continuous validation
+
+## Additional Resources
+
+- [AddressSanitizer Documentation (Google)](https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizer)
+- [Clang AddressSanitizer](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AddressSanitizer.html)
+- [GCC Instrumentation Options](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Instrumentation-Options.html)
+- [MSVC AddressSanitizer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/sanitizers/asan)
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+### Build Commands
+
+```bash
+# Standard ASan build
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -B build-asan -S .
+cmake --build build-asan
+
+# ASan build with debug symbols
+cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -B build-asan -S .
+cmake --build build-asan
+
+# Run tests
+cd build-asan && ctest --verbose
+```
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+```bash
+# Enable all leak detection
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1
+
+# Save reports to files
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=log_path=/tmp/asan.log
+
+# Multiple options
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1:log_path=/tmp/asan.log:halt_on_error=0
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+If you encounter issues:
+
+1. Check compiler version supports ASan
+2. Verify CMake found the correct compiler
+3. Look for conflicting compiler flags
+4. Check environment variables aren't interfering
+5. Try with a minimal test case first
+6. Review ASan documentation for your specific platform
+
+For project-specific issues, please file a bug report with:
+- Platform and compiler version
+- Full CMake configuration output
+- Complete ASan error report
+- Steps to reproduce
+

run-asan-tests.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# Quick script to build and run tests with Address Sanitizer on Windows
+# Usage: .\run-asan-tests.ps1 [asan_options]
+#
+# Example:
+#   .\run-asan-tests.ps1                                # Run with default ASan options
+#   .\run-asan-tests.ps1 "detect_leaks=1"               # Enable leak detection
+#   .\run-asan-tests.ps1 "detect_leaks=1:halt_on_error=0"  # Multiple options
+
+param(
+    [string]$AsanOptions = ""
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+# Build directory for ASan
+$BuildDir = "build-asan"
+
+Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Blue
+Write-Host "Address Sanitizer Test Runner" -ForegroundColor Blue
+Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Blue
+Write-Host ""
+
+# Check if build directory exists and is configured
+if (-not (Test-Path $BuildDir) -or -not (Test-Path "$BuildDir/CMakeCache.txt")) {
+    Write-Host "Build directory '$BuildDir' not configured. Setting up..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $BuildDir -Force | Out-Null
+
+    Write-Host "Running CMake configuration..." -ForegroundColor Blue
+    try {
+        cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -B $BuildDir -S .
+    }
+    catch {
+        Write-Host "CMake configuration failed!" -ForegroundColor Red
+        exit 1
+    }
+}
+
+# Build the project
+Write-Host "Building with Address Sanitizer..." -ForegroundColor Blue
+try {
+    cmake --build $BuildDir --config Debug
+}
+catch {
+    Write-Host "Build failed!" -ForegroundColor Red
+    exit 1
+}
+
+Write-Host "Build completed successfully!" -ForegroundColor Green
+Write-Host ""
+
+# Set up ASan options
+if ($AsanOptions -ne "") {
+    $env:ASAN_OPTIONS = $AsanOptions
+    Write-Host "Using custom ASAN_OPTIONS: $env:ASAN_OPTIONS" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+}
+else {
+    # Default options: detect leaks (if supported), print stats
+    $env:ASAN_OPTIONS = "print_stats=1"
+    Write-Host "Using default ASAN_OPTIONS: $env:ASAN_OPTIONS" -ForegroundColor Yellow
+}
+
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "Running tests..." -ForegroundColor Blue
+Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Blue
+Write-Host ""
+
+# Run tests
+Push-Location "$BuildDir/tests"
+try {
+    ctest --verbose --output-on-failure -C Debug
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "All tests passed!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Green
+    Pop-Location
+    exit 0
+}
+catch {
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "Tests failed!" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Red
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "Check the output above for Address Sanitizer reports." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host "See docs\ASAN_USAGE.md for help interpreting the results." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Pop-Location
+    exit 1
+}
+

run-asan-tests.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Quick script to build and run tests with Address Sanitizer
+# Usage: ./run-asan-tests.sh [asan_options]
+#
+# Example:
+#   ./run-asan-tests.sh                           # Run with default ASan options
+#   ./run-asan-tests.sh detect_leaks=1            # Enable leak detection
+#   ./run-asan-tests.sh "detect_leaks=1:halt_on_error=0"  # Multiple options
+
+set -e  # Exit on error
+
+# Colors for output
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+BLUE='\033[0;34m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# Build directory for ASan
+BUILD_DIR="build-asan"
+
+echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}"
+echo -e "${BLUE}Address Sanitizer Test Runner${NC}"
+echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}"
+echo ""
+
+# Check if build directory exists and is configured
+if [ ! -d "$BUILD_DIR" ] || [ ! -f "$BUILD_DIR/CMakeCache.txt" ]; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Build directory '$BUILD_DIR' not configured. Setting up...${NC}"
+    mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR"
+
+    echo -e "${BLUE}Running CMake configuration...${NC}"
+    cmake -DUSE_ASAN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -B "$BUILD_DIR" -S . || {
+        echo -e "${RED}CMake configuration failed!${NC}"
+        exit 1
+    }
+fi
+
+# Build the project
+echo -e "${BLUE}Building with Address Sanitizer...${NC}"
+cmake --build "$BUILD_DIR" -j$(nproc 2>/dev/null || sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null || echo 4) || {
+    echo -e "${RED}Build failed!${NC}"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+echo -e "${GREEN}Build completed successfully!${NC}"
+echo ""
+
+# Set up ASan options
+if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+    export ASAN_OPTIONS="$1"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Using custom ASAN_OPTIONS: $ASAN_OPTIONS${NC}"
+else
+    # Default options: print stats, use colors
+    # Note: detect_leaks is not supported on macOS, so we don't enable it by default
+    if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+        export ASAN_OPTIONS="print_stats=1:color=always"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Using default ASAN_OPTIONS (macOS): $ASAN_OPTIONS${NC}"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Note: leak detection not supported on macOS${NC}"
+    else
+        export ASAN_OPTIONS="detect_leaks=1:print_stats=1:color=always"
+        echo -e "${YELLOW}Using default ASAN_OPTIONS: $ASAN_OPTIONS${NC}"
+    fi
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo -e "${BLUE}Running tests...${NC}"
+echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}"
+echo ""
+
+# Run tests
+cd "$BUILD_DIR/tests"
+if ctest --verbose --output-on-failure; then
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${GREEN}========================================${NC}"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}All tests passed!${NC}"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}========================================${NC}"
+    exit 0
+else
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${RED}========================================${NC}"
+    echo -e "${RED}Tests failed!${NC}"
+    echo -e "${RED}========================================${NC}"
+    echo ""
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Check the output above for Address Sanitizer reports.${NC}"
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}See docs/ASAN_USAGE.md for help interpreting the results.${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -102,10 +102,42 @@ target_include_directories(tests_run
 # Link libraries
 target_link_libraries(tests_run PRIVATE gtest gtest_main aaruformat)
 
+# Apply address sanitizer flags to tests if enabled
+if(USE_ASAN)
+  if("${CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "MSVC")
+    # MSVC address sanitizer flags for tests
+    target_compile_options(tests_run PRIVATE /fsanitize=address)
+    target_link_options(tests_run PRIVATE /fsanitize=address)
+  else()
+    # GCC/Clang address sanitizer flags for tests
+    target_compile_options(tests_run PRIVATE -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g)
+    target_link_options(tests_run PRIVATE -fsanitize=address)
+  endif()
+  message(STATUS "Address sanitizer enabled for tests")
+endif()
+
 # Ensure test data is copied before running tests
 add_dependencies(tests_run copy_test_data)
 
 # Integrate with CTest (per-test reporting)
 enable_testing()
 include(GoogleTest)
-gtest_discover_tests(tests_run)
+
+# Configure test discovery with proper ASAN_OPTIONS
+if(USE_ASAN)
+  # On macOS, leak detection is not supported and causes abort
+  # Set ASAN_OPTIONS for test discovery to avoid this
+  if(APPLE)
+    set(DISCOVERY_ASAN_OPTIONS "print_stats=0")
+  else()
+    set(DISCOVERY_ASAN_OPTIONS "detect_leaks=0:print_stats=0")
+  endif()
+
+  gtest_discover_tests(tests_run
+    DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT 30
+    PROPERTIES ENVIRONMENT "ASAN_OPTIONS=${DISCOVERY_ASAN_OPTIONS}"
+  )
+else()
+  gtest_discover_tests(tests_run)
+endif()
+