Migrate spelling-0.0.21 changes from main

This commit adds image assets for High Contrast mode

Tagging this issue so it contains a nice list of all the recent HC
fixes: #5360

I made several changes to DHowett's script and added it to the repo:
* Add support for generating high contrast icons
* Add the ability to easily edit the "intermediate" (previously "zbase")
  files for manual hinting
* Appease the spellchecker

I created new SVGs for HC mode. There's one SVG for both Black and White
modes -- I just invert the colors. Then I manually hinted the generated
bitmaps for the production icons. I didn't bother hinting the Dev/Pre
ones, so the text does get unreadable at small sizes.

View the original images in #6915.

Co-authored-by: Jeffrey Tippet <jtippet@microsoft.com>
Co-authored-by: Dustin L. Howett <duhowett@microsoft.com>
Closes #6822

OpenConsole.sln

@@ -314,6 +314,8 @@ Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "WpfTerminalTestNetCore", "s
 		{84848BFA-931D-42CE-9ADF-01EE54DE7890} = {84848BFA-931D-42CE-9ADF-01EE54DE7890}
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "wt", "src\cascadia\wt\wt.vcxproj", "{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		AuditMode|Any CPU = AuditMode|Any CPU
@@ -1995,6 +1997,33 @@ Global
 		{1588FD7C-241E-4E7D-9113-43735F3E6BAD}.Release|DotNet_x86Test.Build.0 = Release|x86
 		{1588FD7C-241E-4E7D-9113-43735F3E6BAD}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{1588FD7C-241E-4E7D-9113-43735F3E6BAD}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = AuditMode|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|ARM64.ActiveCfg = AuditMode|ARM64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|ARM64.Build.0 = AuditMode|ARM64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|DotNet_x64Test.ActiveCfg = AuditMode|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|DotNet_x86Test.ActiveCfg = AuditMode|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|x64.ActiveCfg = AuditMode|x64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|x64.Build.0 = AuditMode|x64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|x86.ActiveCfg = AuditMode|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.AuditMode|x86.Build.0 = AuditMode|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Debug|ARM64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|ARM64.Build.0 = Debug|ARM64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|DotNet_x64Test.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|DotNet_x86Test.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Release|ARM64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|ARM64.Build.0 = Release|ARM64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|DotNet_x64Test.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|DotNet_x86Test.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
@@ -2075,6 +2104,7 @@ Global
 		{067F0A06-FCB7-472C-96E9-B03B54E8E18D} = {59840756-302F-44DF-AA47-441A9D673202}
 		{6BAE5851-50D5-4934-8D5E-30361A8A40F3} = {81C352DB-1818-45B7-A284-18E259F1CC87}
 		{1588FD7C-241E-4E7D-9113-43735F3E6BAD} = {59840756-302F-44DF-AA47-441A9D673202}
+		{506FD703-BAA7-4F6E-9361-64F550EC8FCA} = {59840756-302F-44DF-AA47-441A9D673202}
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
 		SolutionGuid = {3140B1B7-C8EE-43D1-A772-D82A7061A271}

build/scripts/Test-WindowsTerminalPackage.ps1

@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ Try {
         Throw "Failed to find cpprest142_2_10.dll -- check the WAP packaging project"
     }
 
+    If (($null -eq (Get-Item "$AppxPackageRootPath\wtd.exe" -EA:Ignore)) -And
+        ($null -eq (Get-Item "$AppxPackageRootPath\wt.exe" -EA:Ignore))) {
+        Throw "Failed to find wt.exe/wtd.exe -- check the WAP packaging project"
+    }
+
 } Finally {
     Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $AppxPackageRootPath
 }

doc/building.md

@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ To update the version of a given package, use the following snippet
 
 where:
 - `$PackageName` is the name of the package, e.g. Microsoft.UI.Xaml
-- `$OldVersionNumber` is the version number currently used, e.g. 2.4.2-prerelease.200604001
+- `$OldVersionNumber` is the version number currently used, e.g. 2.5.0-prerelease.200609001
 - `$NewVersionNumber` is the version number you want to migrate to, e.g. 2.4.200117003-prerelease
 
 Example usage:
 
-`git grep -z -l Microsoft.UI.Xaml | xargs -0 sed -i -e 's/2.4.2-prerelease.200604001/2.4.200117003-prerelease/g'`
+`git grep -z -l Microsoft.UI.Xaml | xargs -0 sed -i -e 's/2.5.0-prerelease.200609001/2.4.200117003-prerelease/g'`
 
 ## Using .nupkg files instead of downloaded Nuget packages
 If you want to use .nupkg files instead of the downloaded Nuget package, you can do this with the following steps:

doc/cascadia/SettingsSchema.md

@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ Properties listed below affect the entire window, regardless of the profile sett
 | `alwaysShowTabs` | _Required_ | Boolean | `true` | When set to `true`, tabs are always displayed. When set to `false` and `showTabsInTitlebar` is set to `false`, tabs only appear after typing <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd>. |
 | `copyOnSelect` | Optional | Boolean | `false` | When set to `true`, a selection is immediately copied to your clipboard upon creation. When set to `false`, the selection persists and awaits further action. |
 | `copyFormatting` | Optional | Boolean | `false` | When set to `true`, the color and font formatting of selected text is also copied to your clipboard. When set to `false`, only plain text is copied to your clipboard. |
+| `largePasteWarning` | Optional | Boolean | `true` | When set to `true`, trying to paste text with more than 5 KiB of characters will display a warning asking you whether to continue or not with the paste. |
+| `multiLinePasteWarning` | Optional | Boolean | `true` | When set to `true`, trying to paste text with a _new line_ character will display a warning asking you whether to continue or not with the paste. |
 | `defaultProfile` | _Required_ | String | PowerShell guid | Sets the default profile. Opens by typing <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd> or by clicking the '+' icon. The guid of the desired default profile is used as the value. |
 | `initialCols` | _Required_ | Integer | `120` | The number of columns displayed in the window upon first load. |
 | `initialPosition` | Optional | String | `","` | The position of the top left corner of the window upon first load. On a system with multiple displays, these coordinates are relative to the top left of the primary display. If `launchMode` is set to `"maximized"`, the window will be maximized on the monitor specified by those coordinates. |
 | `initialRows` | _Required_ | Integer | `30` | The number of rows displayed in the window upon first load. |
 | `launchMode` | Optional | String | `default` | Defines whether the Terminal will launch as maximized or not. Possible values: `"default"`, `"maximized"` |
-| `rowsToScroll` | Optional | Integer | `system` | The number of rows to scroll at a time with the mouse wheel. This will override the system setting if the value is not zero or "system". |
 | `theme` | _Required_ | String | `system` | Sets the theme of the application. Possible values: `"light"`, `"dark"`, `"system"` |
 | `showTerminalTitleInTitlebar` | _Required_ | Boolean | `true` | When set to `true`, titlebar displays the title of the selected tab. When set to `false`, titlebar displays "Windows Terminal". |
 | `showTabsInTitlebar` | Optional | Boolean | `true` | When set to `true`, the tabs are moved into the titlebar and the titlebar disappears. When set to `false`, the titlebar sits above the tabs. |

doc/cascadia/profiles.schema.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$id": "https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/blob/master/doc/cascadia/profiles.schema.json",
-  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/schema#",
   "title": "Microsoft's Windows Terminal Settings Profile Schema",
   "definitions": {
     "KeyChordSegment": {
@@ -54,10 +54,15 @@
         "scrollUpPage",
         "splitPane",
         "switchToTab",
+        "toggleFocusMode",
         "toggleFullscreen",
+        "toggleAlwaysOnTop",
+        "toggleRetroEffect",
         "find",
         "setTabColor",
         "openTabColorPicker",
+        "renameTab",
+        "commandPalette",
         "unbound"
       ],
       "type": "string"
@@ -320,6 +325,11 @@
       "additionalProperties": true,
       "description": "Properties that affect the entire window, regardless of the profile settings.",
       "properties": {
+        "alwaysOnTop": {
+          "default": false,
+          "description": "When set to true, the window is created on top of all other windows. If multiple windows are all \"always on top\", the most recently focused one will be the topmost",
+          "type": "boolean"
+        },
         "alwaysShowTabs": {
           "default": true,
           "description": "When set to true, tabs are always displayed. When set to false and \"showTabsInTitlebar\" is set to false, tabs only appear after opening a new tab.",
@@ -335,6 +345,16 @@
           "description": "When set to `true`, the color and font formatting of selected text is also copied to your clipboard. When set to `false`, only plain text is copied to your clipboard.",
           "type": "boolean"
         },
+        "largePasteWarning": {
+          "default": true,
+          "description": "When set to true, trying to paste text with more than 5 KiB of characters will display a warning asking you whether to continue or not with the paste.",
+          "type": "boolean"
+        },
+        "multiLinePasteWarning": {
+          "default": true,
+          "description": "When set to true, trying to paste text with a \"new line\" character will display a warning asking you whether to continue or not with the paste.",
+          "type": "boolean"
+        },
         "defaultProfile": {
           "description": "Sets the default profile. Opens by clicking the \"+\" icon or typing the key binding assigned to \"newTab\".",
           "type": "string"
@@ -383,10 +403,11 @@
         },
         "rowsToScroll": {
           "default": "system",
-          "description": "The number of rows to scroll at a time with the mouse wheel. This will override the system setting if the value is not zero or \"system\".",
+          "description": "This parameter once allowed you to override the systemwide \"choose how many lines to scroll at one time\" setting. It no longer does so.",
           "maximum": 999,
           "minimum": 0,
-          "type": [ "integer", "string" ]
+          "type": [ "integer", "string" ],
+          "deprecated": true
         },
         "keybindings": {
           "description": "Properties are specific to each custom key binding.",

doc/specs/#980 - SnapOnOutput.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+---
+author: Carlos Zamora @carlos-zamora
+created on: 2019-08-22
+last updated: 2020-07-06
+issue id: 980
+---
+
+# Snap On Output
+
+## Abstract
+
+The goal of this change is to determine the Terminal's scroll response to newly generated output.
+
+Currently, new output causes the Terminal to always scroll to it. Some users want to be able to scroll through the buffer without interruptions.
+
+## Inspiration
+
+In ConHost, a selection causes the active process to be completely paused. When the selection is removed, the process continues.
+
+Typical Unix terminals work differently. Rather than disabling the output, they disable the automatic scrolling. This allows the user to continue to see more output by choice.
+
+## Solution Design
+
+By default, the viewport will scroll to new output if the following conditions are met:
+- no selection is active
+- the viewport is at the "virtual bottom" (the bottom of the scroll history)
+
+This behavior will not be configurable. If the user wants the viewport to stop autoscrolling, the user will simply create a selection or scroll any distance above the virtual bottom. Conversely, if the user wants the viewport to automatically scroll, the user must scroll to the bottom. Scrolling to the bottom is most easily achieved using the `snapOnInput` functionality.
+
+Alternative solutions were considered and are recorded below. These solutions may be revisited if users desire an additional level of configurability.
+
+Researching other terminal emulators has shown that this behavior is not configurable.
+
+## Alternative Solutions
+
+### Solution 1: `snapOnOutput` profile setting - enum flags
+`SnapOnOutput` will be a profile-level `ICoreSettings` setting of type enum or enum array. It can be set to one or multiple of the following values:
+- `never`: new output does not cause the viewport to update to the bottom of the scroll region
+- `noSelection`: new output causes the viewport to update to the bottom of the scroll region **IF** no selection is active
+- `atBottom`: new output causes the viewport to update **IF** the viewport is already at the virtual bottom
+- `always`: new output causes the viewport to update to the bottom of the scroll region
+
+The `TerminalCore` is responsible for moving the viewport on a scroll event. All of the logic for this feature should be handled here.
+
+A new private enum array `_snapOnOutput` will be introduced to save which of these settings are included. The `_NotifyScrollEvent()` calls (and nearby code) will be surrounded by conditional checks for the enums above. This allows it to be used to determine if the viewport should update given a specific situation.
+
+The `snapOnOutput` setting is introduced as a profile setting to match `snapOnInput`.
+
+The default `snapOnOutput` value will be `[ "noSelection", "atBottom" ]`.
+
+When an enum array is defined in the settings, it will be interpreted using boolean logic. The following scenarios will be invalid using the FlagMapper:
+- `[ "always", "atBottom" ]`
+- `[ "never", "atBottom" ]`
+
+### Solution 2: `scrollLock` keybinding action
+
+A `scrollLock` keybinding action would toggle automatically scrolling to new output.
+
+**NOTE**: This can be easily confused with the <kbd>ScrollLock</kbd> key. Researching the use of the <kbd>ScrollLock</kbd> key has shown that programs rarely use this key. In most apps, pressing the <kbd>ScrollLock</kbd> key does not actually prevent scrolling the application. Additionally, finding a way to bing the `scrollLock` action to the <kbd>ScrollLock</kbd> key would be difficult. A physical keyboard may not necessarily have a <kbd>ScrollLock</kbd> key. Also, we would have to poll for the internal state of "is the scroll lock key enabled", which may change while the user is not necessarily using Terminal.
+
+The introduction of a `scrollLock` action would require a visual indicator for the user to know when scrolling has been disabled. However, this introduces a number of problems:
+- if the indicator is persistent, it may block the view
+- if the indicator is not persistent, the user may be unaware of being in a state where scrolling doesn't work properly
+
+**Additionally relevant research**:
+- In Unix consoles, <kbd>ctrl+s</kbd> and <kbd>ctrl+q</kbd> freeze and unfreeze output respectively. However, this is a feature that is implemented outside of the scope for Terminal. Other shells like PowerShell do not have this feature, for example. There, <kbd>ctrl+s</kbd> does a 'Forward Search History' instead.
+- Additionally, there is a <kbd>Pause</kbd> key that pauses the output in the conhost console. Pressing any other key will resume scrolling.
+
+
+## Capabilities
+
+### Accessibility
+
+N/A
+
+### Security
+
+N/A
+
+### Reliability
+
+N/A
+
+### Compatibility
+
+N/A
+
+### Performance, Power, and Efficiency
+
+N/A
+
+## Potential Issues
+
+### Circling the buffer
+If the text buffer fills up, the text buffer begins 'circling'. This means that new output shifts lines of the buffer up to make space. In a case like this, if `snapOnOutput` is set to `never`, the viewport should actually scroll up to keep the same content on the viewport.
+
+In the event that the buffer is circling and the viewport has been moved to the top of the buffer, that content of the buffer is now lost (as the 'Infinite Scrollback' feature does not exist or is disabled). At that point, the viewport will remain at the top of the buffer and the new output will push old output out of the buffer.
+
+### Infinite Scrollback
+See **Future considerations** > **Infinite Scrollback**.
+
+## Future considerations
+
+### Extensibility
+The introduction of `enum SnapOnOutput` allows for this feature to be enabled/disabled in more complex scenarios. A potential extension would be to introduce a new UI element or keybinding to toggle this feature.
+
+### Infinite Scrollback
+At the time of introducing this, the infinite scrollback feature is not supported. This means that the buffer saves the history up to the `historySize` amount of lines. When infinite scrollback is introduced, the buffer needs to change its own contents to allow the user to scroll beyond the `historySize`. With infinite scrollback enabled and the mutable viewport **NOT** snapping to new output, the `TerminalCore` needs to keep track of...
+- what contents are currently visible to the user (in the current location of the mutable viewport)
+- how to respond to a user's action of changing the location of the mutable viewport (i.e.: snapOnInput, scroll up/down)
+
+### Private Mode Escape Sequences
+There are a couple of private mode escape sequences that some terminals use to control this kind of thing. DECSET 1010, for example, snaps the viewport to the bottom on output, whereas DECSET 1011 spans the viewport to the bottom on a keypress.
+
+DECSET 1010 should set the `SnapOnOutput` value via a Terminal API.
+DECSET 1011 should set the `SnapOnInput` value via a Terminal API.
+
+## Resources
+
+[GH#980](https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/issues/980)
+[DECSET 1010](https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h4-Functions-using-CSI-_-ordered-by-the-final-character-lparen-s-rparen:CSI-?-Pm-h:Ps-=-1-0-1-0.1F79)
+[DECSET 1011](https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html#h4-Functions-using-CSI-_-ordered-by-the-final-character-lparen-s-rparen:CSI-?-Pm-h:Ps-=-1-0-1-1.1F7A)

oss/fmt/cgmanifest.json

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
        "type": "git", 
        "git": { 
          "repositoryUrl": "https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt", 
-         "commitHash": "9bdd1596cef1b57b9556f8bef32dc4a32322ef3e" 
+         "commitHash": "f19b1a521ee8b606dedcadfda69fd10ddf882753" 
          }
        }
     }

oss/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
     // From fits in To without any problem.
   } else {
     // From does not always fit in To, resort to a dynamic check.
-    if (from < T::min() || from > T::max()) {
+    if (from < (T::min)() || from > (T::max)()) {
       // outside range.
       ec = 1;
       return {};
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
 
   if (F::is_signed && !T::is_signed) {
     // From may be negative, not allowed!
-    if (fmt::internal::is_negative(from)) {
+    if (fmt::detail::is_negative(from)) {
       ec = 1;
       return {};
     }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
       // yes, From always fits in To.
     } else {
       // from may not fit in To, we have to do a dynamic check
-      if (from > static_cast<From>(T::max())) {
+      if (from > static_cast<From>((T::max)())) {
         ec = 1;
         return {};
       }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
       // yes, From always fits in To.
     } else {
       // from may not fit in To, we have to do a dynamic check
-      if (from > static_cast<From>(T::max())) {
+      if (from > static_cast<From>((T::max)())) {
         // outside range.
         ec = 1;
         return {};
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
 
   // catch the only happy case
   if (std::isfinite(from)) {
-    if (from >= T::lowest() && from <= T::max()) {
+    if (from >= T::lowest() && from <= (T::max)()) {
       return static_cast<To>(from);
     }
     // not within range.
@@ -195,12 +195,13 @@ To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
   }
   // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
   if (Factor::num != 1) {
-    const auto max1 = internal::max_value<IntermediateRep>() / Factor::num;
+    const auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() / Factor::num;
     if (count > max1) {
       ec = 1;
       return {};
     }
-    const auto min1 = std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::min() / Factor::num;
+    const auto min1 =
+        (std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::min)() / Factor::num;
     if (count < min1) {
       ec = 1;
       return {};
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
 
   // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
   if (Factor::num != 1) {
-    constexpr auto max1 = internal::max_value<IntermediateRep>() /
+    constexpr auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() /
                           static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
     if (count > max1) {
       ec = 1;
@@ -306,12 +307,12 @@ To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
 // Usage: f FMT_NOMACRO()
 #define FMT_NOMACRO
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 inline null<> localtime_r FMT_NOMACRO(...) { return null<>(); }
 inline null<> localtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
 inline null<> gmtime_r(...) { return null<>(); }
 inline null<> gmtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 // Thread-safe replacement for std::localtime
 inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time) {
@@ -322,22 +323,22 @@ inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time) {
     dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
 
     bool run() {
-      using namespace fmt::internal;
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
       return handle(localtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
     }
 
     bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
 
-    bool handle(internal::null<>) {
-      using namespace fmt::internal;
+    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
       return fallback(localtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
     }
 
     bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
 
 #if !FMT_MSC_VER
-    bool fallback(internal::null<>) {
-      using namespace fmt::internal;
+    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
       std::tm* tm = std::localtime(&time_);
       if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
       return tm != nullptr;
@@ -359,21 +360,21 @@ inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time) {
     dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
 
     bool run() {
-      using namespace fmt::internal;
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
       return handle(gmtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
     }
 
     bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
 
-    bool handle(internal::null<>) {
-      using namespace fmt::internal;
+    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
       return fallback(gmtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
     }
 
     bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
 
 #if !FMT_MSC_VER
-    bool fallback(internal::null<>) {
+    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
       std::tm* tm = std::gmtime(&time_);
       if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
       return tm != nullptr;
@@ -386,17 +387,17 @@ inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time) {
   return gt.tm_;
 }
 
-namespace internal {
-inline std::size_t strftime(char* str, std::size_t count, const char* format,
-                            const std::tm* time) {
+namespace detail {
+inline size_t strftime(char* str, size_t count, const char* format,
+                       const std::tm* time) {
   return std::strftime(str, count, format, time);
 }
 
-inline std::size_t strftime(wchar_t* str, std::size_t count,
-                            const wchar_t* format, const std::tm* time) {
+inline size_t strftime(wchar_t* str, size_t count, const wchar_t* format,
+                       const std::tm* time) {
   return std::wcsftime(str, count, format, time);
 }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
   template <typename ParseContext>
@@ -405,7 +406,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
     if (it != ctx.end() && *it == ':') ++it;
     auto end = it;
     while (end != ctx.end() && *end != '}') ++end;
-    tm_format.reserve(internal::to_unsigned(end - it + 1));
+    tm_format.reserve(detail::to_unsigned(end - it + 1));
     tm_format.append(it, end);
     tm_format.push_back('\0');
     return end;
@@ -414,11 +415,10 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const std::tm& tm, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
-    std::size_t start = buf.size();
+    size_t start = buf.size();
     for (;;) {
-      std::size_t size = buf.capacity() - start;
-      std::size_t count =
-          internal::strftime(&buf[start], size, &tm_format[0], &tm);
+      size_t size = buf.capacity() - start;
+      size_t count = detail::strftime(&buf[start], size, &tm_format[0], &tm);
       if (count != 0) {
         buf.resize(start + count);
         break;
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
         // https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/367
         break;
       }
-      const std::size_t MIN_GROWTH = 10;
+      const size_t MIN_GROWTH = 10;
       buf.reserve(buf.capacity() + (size > MIN_GROWTH ? size : MIN_GROWTH));
     }
     return std::copy(buf.begin(), buf.end(), ctx.out());
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> tm_format;
 };
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 template <typename Period> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units() {
   return nullptr;
 }
@@ -768,19 +768,25 @@ OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int precision) {
   return format_to(out, std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value ? fp_f : format,
                    val);
 }
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, Char) {
+  return std::copy(unit.begin(), unit.end(), out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t) {
+  // This works when wchar_t is UTF-32 because units only contain characters
+  // that have the same representation in UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+  utf8_to_utf16 u(unit);
+  return std::copy(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
+}
 
 template <typename Char, typename Period, typename OutputIt>
 OutputIt format_duration_unit(OutputIt out) {
-  if (const char* unit = get_units<Period>()) {
-    string_view s(unit);
-    if (const_check(std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>())) {
-      utf8_to_utf16 u(s);
-      return std::copy(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
-    }
-    return std::copy(s.begin(), s.end(), out);
-  }
+  if (const char* unit = get_units<Period>())
+    return copy_unit(string_view(unit), out, Char());
   const Char num_f[] = {'[', '{', '}', ']', 's', 0};
-  if (Period::den == 1) return format_to(out, num_f, Period::num);
+  if (const_check(Period::den == 1)) return format_to(out, num_f, Period::num);
   const Char num_def_f[] = {'[', '{', '}', '/', '{', '}', ']', 's', 0};
   return format_to(out, num_def_f, Period::num, Period::den);
 }
@@ -874,9 +880,9 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
     if (isnan(value)) return write_nan();
     uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int> n =
         to_unsigned(to_nonnegative_int(value, max_value<int>()));
-    int num_digits = internal::count_digits(n);
+    int num_digits = detail::count_digits(n);
     if (width > num_digits) out = std::fill_n(out, width - num_digits, '0');
-    out = format_decimal<char_type>(out, n, num_digits);
+    out = format_decimal<char_type>(out, n, num_digits).end;
   }
 
   void write_nan() { std::copy_n("nan", 3, out); }
@@ -1004,14 +1010,14 @@ struct chrono_formatter {
     out = format_duration_unit<char_type, Period>(out);
   }
 };
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename Rep, typename Period, typename Char>
 struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
  private:
   basic_format_specs<Char> specs;
   int precision;
-  using arg_ref_type = internal::arg_ref<Char>;
+  using arg_ref_type = detail::arg_ref<Char>;
   arg_ref_type width_ref;
   arg_ref_type precision_ref;
   mutable basic_string_view<Char> format_str;
@@ -1032,7 +1038,7 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
       return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
     }
 
-    FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(internal::auto_id) {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(detail::auto_id) {
       return arg_ref_type(context.next_arg_id());
     }
 
@@ -1062,17 +1068,17 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
     auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
     if (begin == end || *begin == '}') return {begin, begin};
     spec_handler handler{*this, ctx, format_str};
-    begin = internal::parse_align(begin, end, handler);
+    begin = detail::parse_align(begin, end, handler);
     if (begin == end) return {begin, begin};
-    begin = internal::parse_width(begin, end, handler);
+    begin = detail::parse_width(begin, end, handler);
     if (begin == end) return {begin, begin};
     if (*begin == '.') {
       if (std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)
-        begin = internal::parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
+        begin = detail::parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
       else
         handler.on_error("precision not allowed for this argument type");
     }
-    end = parse_chrono_format(begin, end, internal::chrono_format_checker());
+    end = parse_chrono_format(begin, end, detail::chrono_format_checker());
     return {begin, end};
   }
 
@@ -1083,7 +1089,7 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
       -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
     auto range = do_parse(ctx);
     format_str = basic_string_view<Char>(
-        &*range.begin, internal::to_unsigned(range.end - range.begin));
+        &*range.begin, detail::to_unsigned(range.end - range.begin));
     return range.end;
   }
 
@@ -1094,23 +1100,21 @@ struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
     // is not specified.
     basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
     auto out = std::back_inserter(buf);
-    using range = internal::output_range<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>;
-    internal::basic_writer<range> w(range(ctx.out()));
-    internal::handle_dynamic_spec<internal::width_checker>(specs.width,
-                                                           width_ref, ctx);
-    internal::handle_dynamic_spec<internal::precision_checker>(
-        precision, precision_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width, width_ref,
+                                                       ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(precision,
+                                                           precision_ref, ctx);
     if (begin == end || *begin == '}') {
-      out = internal::format_duration_value<Char>(out, d.count(), precision);
-      internal::format_duration_unit<Char, Period>(out);
+      out = detail::format_duration_value<Char>(out, d.count(), precision);
+      detail::format_duration_unit<Char, Period>(out);
     } else {
-      internal::chrono_formatter<FormatContext, decltype(out), Rep, Period> f(
+      detail::chrono_formatter<FormatContext, decltype(out), Rep, Period> f(
           ctx, out, d);
       f.precision = precision;
       parse_chrono_format(begin, end, f);
     }
-    w.write(buf.data(), buf.size(), specs);
-    return w.out();
+    return detail::write(
+        ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs);
   }
 };
 

oss/fmt/include/fmt/color.h

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ struct rgb {
   uint8_t b;
 };
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 // color is a struct of either a rgb color or a terminal color.
 struct color_type {
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ struct color_type {
     uint32_t rgb_color;
   } value;
 };
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 // Experimental text formatting support.
 class text_style {
@@ -298,11 +298,11 @@ class text_style {
   FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
     return static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) != 0;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR internal::color_type get_foreground() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_foreground() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_foreground(), "no foreground specified for this style");
     return foreground_color;
   }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR internal::color_type get_background() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_background() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
     FMT_ASSERT(has_background(), "no background specified for this style");
     return background_color;
   }
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class text_style {
 
  private:
   FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(bool is_foreground,
-                           internal::color_type text_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+                           detail::color_type text_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT
       : set_foreground_color(),
         set_background_color(),
         ems() {
@@ -326,23 +326,23 @@ class text_style {
     }
   }
 
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style fg(internal::color_type foreground)
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground)
       FMT_NOEXCEPT;
-  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style bg(internal::color_type background)
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style bg(detail::color_type background)
       FMT_NOEXCEPT;
 
-  internal::color_type foreground_color;
-  internal::color_type background_color;
+  detail::color_type foreground_color;
+  detail::color_type background_color;
   bool set_foreground_color;
   bool set_background_color;
   emphasis ems;
 };
 
-FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style fg(internal::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   return text_style(/*is_foreground=*/true, foreground);
 }
 
-FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style bg(internal::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style bg(detail::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   return text_style(/*is_foreground=*/false, background);
 }
 
@@ -350,21 +350,21 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator|(emphasis lhs, emphasis rhs) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   return text_style(lhs) | rhs;
 }
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape(internal::color_type text_color,
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape(detail::color_type text_color,
                                   const char* esc) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
     // If we have a terminal color, we need to output another escape code
     // sequence.
     if (!text_color.is_rgb) {
-      bool is_background = esc == internal::data::background_color;
+      bool is_background = esc == detail::data::background_color;
       uint32_t value = text_color.value.term_color;
       // Background ASCII codes are the same as the foreground ones but with
       // 10 more.
       if (is_background) value += 10u;
 
-      std::size_t index = 0;
+      size_t index = 0;
       buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\x1b');
       buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('[');
 
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
     if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::strikethrough))
       em_codes[3] = 9;
 
-    std::size_t index = 0;
+    size_t index = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
       if (!em_codes[i]) continue;
       buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\x1b');
@@ -429,14 +429,14 @@ template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_foreground_color(
-    internal::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(foreground, internal::data::foreground_color);
+    detail::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(foreground, detail::data::foreground_color);
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
 FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_background_color(
-    internal::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(background, internal::data::background_color);
+    detail::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(background, detail::data::background_color);
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
@@ -455,11 +455,11 @@ inline void fputs<wchar_t>(const wchar_t* chars, FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
 }
 
 template <typename Char> inline void reset_color(FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-  fputs(internal::data::reset_color, stream);
+  fputs(detail::data::reset_color, stream);
 }
 
 template <> inline void reset_color<wchar_t>(FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-  fputs(internal::data::wreset_color, stream);
+  fputs(detail::data::wreset_color, stream);
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
@@ -476,33 +476,31 @@ void vformat_to(basic_memory_buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
   bool has_style = false;
   if (ts.has_emphasis()) {
     has_style = true;
-    auto emphasis = internal::make_emphasis<Char>(ts.get_emphasis());
+    auto emphasis = detail::make_emphasis<Char>(ts.get_emphasis());
     buf.append(emphasis.begin(), emphasis.end());
   }
   if (ts.has_foreground()) {
     has_style = true;
-    auto foreground =
-        internal::make_foreground_color<Char>(ts.get_foreground());
+    auto foreground = detail::make_foreground_color<Char>(ts.get_foreground());
     buf.append(foreground.begin(), foreground.end());
   }
   if (ts.has_background()) {
     has_style = true;
-    auto background =
-        internal::make_background_color<Char>(ts.get_background());
+    auto background = detail::make_background_color<Char>(ts.get_background());
     buf.append(background.begin(), background.end());
   }
-  internal::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
-  if (has_style) internal::reset_color<Char>(buf);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
+  if (has_style) detail::reset_color<Char>(buf);
 }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 void vprint(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format,
             basic_format_args<buffer_context<Char>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
-  internal::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format), args);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format), args);
   buf.push_back(Char(0));
-  internal::fputs(buf.data(), f);
+  detail::fputs(buf.data(), f);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -513,10 +511,10 @@ void vprint(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format,
                "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
  */
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_string<S>::value)>
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
 void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
            const Args&... args) {
-  internal::check_format_string<Args...>(format_str);
+  detail::check_format_string<Args...>(format_str);
   using context = buffer_context<char_t<S>>;
   format_arg_store<context, Args...> as{args...};
   vprint(f, ts, format_str, basic_format_args<context>(as));
@@ -530,7 +528,7 @@ void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
                "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
  */
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_string<S>::value)>
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
 void print(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
   return print(stdout, ts, format_str, args...);
 }
@@ -540,7 +538,7 @@ inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
     const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
     basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
-  internal::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format_str), args);
   return fmt::to_string(buf);
 }
 
@@ -560,7 +558,7 @@ template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
                                       const Args&... args) {
   return vformat(ts, to_string_view(format_str),
-                 internal::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+                 detail::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
 }
 
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE

oss/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h

@@ -13,7 +13,33 @@
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
+
+// A compile-time string which is compiled into fast formatting code.
+class compiled_string {};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct is_compiled_string : std::is_base_of<compiled_string, S> {};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts a string literal *s* into a format string that will be parsed at
+  compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
+  ``constexpr if`` compiler support.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
+    // runtime format string processing.
+    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+#define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::detail::compiled_string)
+
+template <typename T, typename... Tail>
+const T& first(const T& value, const Tail&...) {
+  return value;
+}
 
 // Part of a compiled format string. It can be either literal text or a
 // replacement field.
@@ -62,13 +88,15 @@ template <typename Char> struct part_counter {
     if (begin != end) ++num_parts;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_arg_id() { ++num_parts; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_arg_id(int) { ++num_parts; }
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) { ++num_parts; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id() { return ++num_parts, 0; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(int) { return ++num_parts, 0; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {
+    return ++num_parts, 0;
+  }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(const Char*) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int, const Char*) {}
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(const Char* begin,
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(int, const Char* begin,
                                             const Char* end) {
     // Find the matching brace.
     unsigned brace_counter = 0;
@@ -116,25 +144,28 @@ class format_string_compiler : public error_handler {
       handler_(part::make_text({begin, to_unsigned(end - begin)}));
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_arg_id() {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id() {
     part_ = part::make_arg_index(parse_context_.next_arg_id());
+    return 0;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_arg_id(int id) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(int id) {
     parse_context_.check_arg_id(id);
     part_ = part::make_arg_index(id);
+    return 0;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
     part_ = part::make_arg_name(id);
+    return 0;
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(const Char* ptr) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int, const Char* ptr) {
     part_.arg_id_end = ptr;
     handler_(part_);
   }
 
-  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(const Char* begin,
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(int, const Char* begin,
                                             const Char* end) {
     auto repl = typename part::replacement();
     dynamic_specs_handler<basic_format_parse_context<Char>> handler(
@@ -160,23 +191,24 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR void compile_format_string(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
       format_string_compiler<Char, PartHandler>(format_str, handler));
 }
 
-template <typename Range, typename Context, typename Id>
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Context, typename Id>
 void format_arg(
-    basic_format_parse_context<typename Range::value_type>& parse_ctx,
+    basic_format_parse_context<typename Context::char_type>& parse_ctx,
     Context& ctx, Id arg_id) {
-  ctx.advance_to(
-      visit_format_arg(arg_formatter<Range>(ctx, &parse_ctx), ctx.arg(arg_id)));
+  ctx.advance_to(visit_format_arg(
+      arg_formatter<OutputIt, typename Context::char_type>(ctx, &parse_ctx),
+      ctx.arg(arg_id)));
 }
 
 // vformat_to is defined in a subnamespace to prevent ADL.
 namespace cf {
-template <typename Context, typename Range, typename CompiledFormat>
-auto vformat_to(Range out, CompiledFormat& cf, basic_format_args<Context> args)
-    -> typename Context::iterator {
+template <typename Context, typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, CompiledFormat& cf,
+                basic_format_args<Context> args) -> typename Context::iterator {
   using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
   basic_format_parse_context<char_type> parse_ctx(
       to_string_view(cf.format_str_));
-  Context ctx(out.begin(), args);
+  Context ctx(out, args);
 
   const auto& parts = cf.parts();
   for (auto part_it = std::begin(parts); part_it != std::end(parts);
@@ -197,12 +229,12 @@ auto vformat_to(Range out, CompiledFormat& cf, basic_format_args<Context> args)
 
     case format_part_t::kind::arg_index:
       advance_to(parse_ctx, part.arg_id_end);
-      internal::format_arg<Range>(parse_ctx, ctx, value.arg_index);
+      detail::format_arg<OutputIt>(parse_ctx, ctx, value.arg_index);
       break;
 
     case format_part_t::kind::arg_name:
       advance_to(parse_ctx, part.arg_id_end);
-      internal::format_arg<Range>(parse_ctx, ctx, value.str);
+      detail::format_arg<OutputIt>(parse_ctx, ctx, value.str);
       break;
 
     case format_part_t::kind::replacement: {
@@ -226,7 +258,9 @@ auto vformat_to(Range out, CompiledFormat& cf, basic_format_args<Context> args)
 
       advance_to(parse_ctx, part.arg_id_end);
       ctx.advance_to(
-          visit_format_arg(arg_formatter<Range>(ctx, nullptr, &specs), arg));
+          visit_format_arg(arg_formatter<OutputIt, typename Context::char_type>(
+                               ctx, nullptr, &specs),
+                           arg));
       break;
     }
     }
@@ -240,7 +274,7 @@ struct basic_compiled_format {};
 template <typename S, typename = void>
 struct compiled_format_base : basic_compiled_format {
   using char_type = char_t<S>;
-  using parts_container = std::vector<internal::format_part<char_type>>;
+  using parts_container = std::vector<detail::format_part<char_type>>;
 
   parts_container compiled_parts;
 
@@ -305,7 +339,7 @@ struct compiled_format_base<S, enable_if_t<is_compile_string<S>::value>>
   const parts_container& parts() const {
     static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const auto compiled_parts =
         compile_to_parts<char_type, num_format_parts>(
-            internal::to_string_view(S()));
+            detail::to_string_view(S()));
     return compiled_parts.data;
   }
 };
@@ -318,8 +352,8 @@ class compiled_format : private compiled_format_base<S> {
  private:
   basic_string_view<char_type> format_str_;
 
-  template <typename Context, typename Range, typename CompiledFormat>
-  friend auto cf::vformat_to(Range out, CompiledFormat& cf,
+  template <typename Context, typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat>
+  friend auto cf::vformat_to(OutputIt out, CompiledFormat& cf,
                              basic_format_args<Context> args) ->
       typename Context::iterator;
 
@@ -359,8 +393,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct text {
 
   template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
   OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&...) const {
-    // TODO: reserve
-    return copy_str<Char>(data.begin(), data.end(), out);
+    return write<Char>(out, data);
   }
 };
 
@@ -373,33 +406,6 @@ constexpr text<Char> make_text(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t pos,
   return {{&s[pos], size}};
 }
 
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
-          std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, int> = 0>
-OutputIt format_default(OutputIt out, T value) {
-  // TODO: reserve
-  format_int fi(value);
-  return std::copy(fi.data(), fi.data() + fi.size(), out);
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-OutputIt format_default(OutputIt out, double value) {
-  writer w(out);
-  w.write(value);
-  return w.out();
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-OutputIt format_default(OutputIt out, Char value) {
-  *out++ = value;
-  return out;
-}
-
-template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
-OutputIt format_default(OutputIt out, const Char* value) {
-  auto length = std::char_traits<Char>::length(value);
-  return copy_str<Char>(value, value + length, out);
-}
-
 // A replacement field that refers to argument N.
 template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct field {
   using char_type = Char;
@@ -408,13 +414,30 @@ template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct field {
   OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
     // This ensures that the argument type is convertile to `const T&`.
     const T& arg = get<N>(args...);
-    return format_default<Char>(out, arg);
+    return write<Char>(out, arg);
   }
 };
 
 template <typename Char, typename T, int N>
 struct is_compiled_format<field<Char, T, N>> : std::true_type {};
 
+// A replacement field that refers to argument N and has format specifiers.
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct spec_field {
+  using char_type = Char;
+  mutable formatter<T, Char> fmt;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    // This ensures that the argument type is convertile to `const T&`.
+    const T& arg = get<N>(args...);
+    basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char> ctx(out, {});
+    return fmt.format(arg, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N>
+struct is_compiled_format<spec_field<Char, T, N>> : std::true_type {};
+
 template <typename L, typename R> struct concat {
   L lhs;
   R rhs;
@@ -450,7 +473,8 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str);
 
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename T, typename S>
 constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S format_str) {
-  if constexpr (POS != to_string_view(format_str).size()) {
+  if constexpr (POS !=
+                basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str).size()) {
     constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(format_str);
     if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(tail)>,
                                unknown_format>())
@@ -462,6 +486,21 @@ constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S format_str) {
   }
 }
 
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct parse_specs_result {
+  formatter<T, Char> fmt;
+  size_t end;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+constexpr parse_specs_result<T, Char> parse_specs(basic_string_view<Char> str,
+                                                  size_t pos) {
+  str.remove_prefix(pos);
+  auto ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>(str);
+  auto f = formatter<T, Char>();
+  auto end = f.parse(ctx);
+  return {f, pos + (end - str.data()) + 1};
+}
+
 // Compiles a non-empty format string and returns the compiled representation
 // or unknown_format() on unrecognized input.
 template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
@@ -475,12 +514,13 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
       return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
     } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '}') {
       using type = get_type<ID, Args>;
-      if constexpr (std::is_same<type, int>::value) {
-        return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID + 1>(field<char_type, type, ID>(),
-                                                 format_str);
-      } else {
-        return unknown_format();
-      }
+      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID + 1>(field<char_type, type, ID>(),
+                                               format_str);
+    } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == ':') {
+      using type = get_type<ID, Args>;
+      constexpr auto result = parse_specs<type>(str, POS + 2);
+      return parse_tail<Args, result.end, ID + 1>(
+          spec_field<char_type, type, ID>{result.fmt}, format_str);
     } else {
       return unknown_format();
     }
@@ -494,100 +534,130 @@ constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
                                      format_str);
   }
 }
-#endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
-}  // namespace internal
 
-#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
-#  ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
 template <typename... Args, typename S,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value ||
+                        detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
 constexpr auto compile(S format_str) {
   constexpr basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> str = format_str;
   if constexpr (str.size() == 0) {
-    return internal::make_text(str, 0, 0);
+    return detail::make_text(str, 0, 0);
   } else {
     constexpr auto result =
-        internal::compile_format_string<internal::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(
+        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(
             format_str);
     if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(result)>,
-                               internal::unknown_format>()) {
-      return internal::compiled_format<S, Args...>(to_string_view(format_str));
+                               detail::unknown_format>()) {
+      return detail::compiled_format<S, Args...>(to_string_view(format_str));
     } else {
       return result;
     }
   }
 }
-
-template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
-          typename Char = typename CompiledFormat::char_type,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
-std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
-  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  cf.format(std::back_inserter(buffer), args...);
-  return to_string(buffer);
-}
-
-template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
-OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const CompiledFormat& cf,
-                   const Args&... args) {
-  return cf.format(out, args...);
-}
-#  else
+#else
 template <typename... Args, typename S,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
-constexpr auto compile(S format_str) -> internal::compiled_format<S, Args...> {
-  return internal::compiled_format<S, Args...>(to_string_view(format_str));
+constexpr auto compile(S format_str) -> detail::compiled_format<S, Args...> {
+  return detail::compiled_format<S, Args...>(to_string_view(format_str));
 }
-#  endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
-#endif    // FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
 
 // Compiles the format string which must be a string literal.
 template <typename... Args, typename Char, size_t N>
 auto compile(const Char (&format_str)[N])
-    -> internal::compiled_format<const Char*, Args...> {
-  return internal::compiled_format<const Char*, Args...>(
+    -> detail::compiled_format<const Char*, Args...> {
+  return detail::compiled_format<const Char*, Args...>(
       basic_string_view<Char>(format_str, N - 1));
 }
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// DEPRECATED! use FMT_COMPILE instead.
+template <typename... Args>
+FMT_DEPRECATED auto compile(const Args&... args)
+    -> decltype(detail::compile(args...)) {
+  return detail::compile(args...);
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
 
 template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
           typename Char = typename CompiledFormat::char_type,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<internal::basic_compiled_format,
-                                        CompiledFormat>::value)>
-std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                                          const Args&... args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  using range = buffer_range<Char>;
-  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
-  internal::cf::vformat_to<context>(range(buffer), cf,
-                                    make_format_args<context>(args...));
+  detail::buffer<Char>& base = buffer;
+  cf.format(std::back_inserter(base), args...);
   return to_string(buffer);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<internal::basic_compiled_format,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
+OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                   const Args&... args) {
+  return cf.format(out, args...);
+}
+#  endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
+#endif    // FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+
+template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = typename CompiledFormat::char_type,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<detail::basic_compiled_format,
+                                        CompiledFormat>::value)>
+std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+  detail::buffer<Char>& base = buffer;
+  detail::cf::vformat_to<context>(std::back_inserter(base), cf,
+                                  make_format_args<context>(args...));
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<typename S::char_type> format(const S&,
+                                                           Args&&... args) {
+  constexpr basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> str = S();
+  if (str.size() == 2 && str[0] == '{' && str[1] == '}')
+    return fmt::to_string(detail::first(args...));
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  return format(compiled, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<detail::basic_compiled_format,
                                         CompiledFormat>::value)>
 OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const CompiledFormat& cf,
                    const Args&... args) {
   using char_type = typename CompiledFormat::char_type;
-  using range = internal::output_range<OutputIt, char_type>;
   using context = format_context_t<OutputIt, char_type>;
-  return internal::cf::vformat_to<context>(range(out), cf,
-                                           make_format_args<context>(args...));
+  return detail::cf::vformat_to<context>(out, cf,
+                                         make_format_args<context>(args...));
 }
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_output_iterator<OutputIt>::value)>
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const S&, const Args&... args) {
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  return format_to(out, compiled, args...);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+    FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt>::value&& std::is_base_of<
+                  detail::basic_compiled_format, CompiledFormat>::value)>
 format_to_n_result<OutputIt> format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n,
                                          const CompiledFormat& cf,
                                          const Args&... args) {
   auto it =
-      format_to(internal::truncating_iterator<OutputIt>(out, n), cf, args...);
+      format_to(detail::truncating_iterator<OutputIt>(out, n), cf, args...);
   return {it.base(), it.count()};
 }
 
 template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args>
-std::size_t formatted_size(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
-  return format_to(internal::counting_iterator(), cf, args...).count();
+size_t formatted_size(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
+  return format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), cf, args...).count();
 }
 
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE

oss/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>  // for std::memmove
 #include <cwchar>
+#include <exception>
 
 #include "format.h"
 #if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
@@ -22,8 +23,16 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
+#  if !defined(NOMINMAX) && !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
+#    define NOMINMAX
+#    define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#    include <windows.h>
+#    undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#    undef NOMINMAX
+#  else
+#    include <windows.h>
+#  endif
 #  include <io.h>
-#  include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
@@ -33,15 +42,19 @@
 
 // Dummy implementations of strerror_r and strerror_s called if corresponding
 // system functions are not available.
-inline fmt::internal::null<> strerror_r(int, char*, ...) { return {}; }
-inline fmt::internal::null<> strerror_s(char*, std::size_t, ...) { return {}; }
+inline fmt::detail::null<> strerror_r(int, char*, ...) { return {}; }
+inline fmt::detail::null<> strerror_s(char*, size_t, ...) { return {}; }
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 FMT_FUNC void assert_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
-  print(stderr, "{}:{}: assertion failed: {}", file, line, message);
-  std::abort();
+  // Use unchecked std::fprintf to avoid triggering another assertion when
+  // writing to stderr fails
+  std::fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: assertion failed: %s", file, line, message);
+  // Chosen instead of std::abort to satisfy Clang in CUDA mode during device
+  // code pass.
+  std::terminate();
 }
 
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
@@ -67,14 +80,14 @@ inline int fmt_snprintf(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ...) {
 //   other  - failure
 // Buffer should be at least of size 1.
 FMT_FUNC int safe_strerror(int error_code, char*& buffer,
-                           std::size_t buffer_size) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+                           size_t buffer_size) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   FMT_ASSERT(buffer != nullptr && buffer_size != 0, "invalid buffer");
 
   class dispatcher {
    private:
     int error_code_;
     char*& buffer_;
-    std::size_t buffer_size_;
+    size_t buffer_size_;
 
     // A noop assignment operator to avoid bogus warnings.
     void operator=(const dispatcher&) {}
@@ -97,7 +110,7 @@ FMT_FUNC int safe_strerror(int error_code, char*& buffer,
 
     // Handle the case when strerror_r is not available.
     FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
-    int handle(internal::null<>) {
+    int handle(detail::null<>) {
       return fallback(strerror_s(buffer_, buffer_size_, error_code_));
     }
 
@@ -111,7 +124,7 @@ FMT_FUNC int safe_strerror(int error_code, char*& buffer,
 
 #if !FMT_MSC_VER
     // Fallback to strerror if strerror_r and strerror_s are not available.
-    int fallback(internal::null<>) {
+    int fallback(detail::null<>) {
       errno = 0;
       buffer_ = strerror(error_code_);
       return errno;
@@ -119,7 +132,7 @@ FMT_FUNC int safe_strerror(int error_code, char*& buffer,
 #endif
 
    public:
-    dispatcher(int err_code, char*& buf, std::size_t buf_size)
+    dispatcher(int err_code, char*& buf, size_t buf_size)
         : error_code_(err_code), buffer_(buf), buffer_size_(buf_size) {}
 
     int run() { return handle(strerror_r(error_code_, buffer_, buffer_size_)); }
@@ -127,7 +140,7 @@ FMT_FUNC int safe_strerror(int error_code, char*& buffer,
   return dispatcher(error_code, buffer, buffer_size).run();
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                 string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   // Report error code making sure that the output fits into
   // inline_buffer_size to avoid dynamic memory allocation and potential
@@ -136,20 +149,17 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
   static const char SEP[] = ": ";
   static const char ERROR_STR[] = "error ";
   // Subtract 2 to account for terminating null characters in SEP and ERROR_STR.
-  std::size_t error_code_size = sizeof(SEP) + sizeof(ERROR_STR) - 2;
+  size_t error_code_size = sizeof(SEP) + sizeof(ERROR_STR) - 2;
   auto abs_value = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int>>(error_code);
-  if (internal::is_negative(error_code)) {
+  if (detail::is_negative(error_code)) {
     abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
     ++error_code_size;
   }
-  error_code_size += internal::to_unsigned(internal::count_digits(abs_value));
-  internal::writer w(out);
-  if (message.size() <= inline_buffer_size - error_code_size) {
-    w.write(message);
-    w.write(SEP);
-  }
-  w.write(ERROR_STR);
-  w.write(error_code);
+  error_code_size += detail::to_unsigned(detail::count_digits(abs_value));
+  auto it = std::back_inserter(out);
+  if (message.size() <= inline_buffer_size - error_code_size)
+    format_to(it, "{}{}", message, SEP);
+  format_to(it, "{}{}", ERROR_STR, error_code);
   assert(out.size() <= inline_buffer_size);
 }
 
@@ -168,10 +178,10 @@ FMT_FUNC void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t size, size_t count,
   size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, size, count, stream);
   if (written < count) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
 }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 #if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 template <typename Locale>
 locale_ref::locale_ref(const Locale& loc) : locale_(&loc) {
@@ -194,18 +204,16 @@ template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) {
   return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
       .decimal_point();
 }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 #else
 template <typename Char>
-FMT_FUNC std::string internal::grouping_impl(locale_ref) {
+FMT_FUNC std::string detail::grouping_impl(locale_ref) {
   return "\03";
 }
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_FUNC Char internal::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref) {
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char detail::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref) {
   return FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR;
 }
-template <typename Char>
-FMT_FUNC Char internal::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) {
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) {
   return '.';
 }
 #endif
@@ -222,9 +230,9 @@ FMT_FUNC void system_error::init(int err_code, string_view format_str,
   base = std::runtime_error(to_string(buffer));
 }
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
-template <> FMT_FUNC int count_digits<4>(internal::fallback_uintptr n) {
+template <> FMT_FUNC int count_digits<4>(detail::fallback_uintptr n) {
   // fallback_uintptr is always stored in little endian.
   int i = static_cast<int>(sizeof(void*)) - 1;
   while (i > 0 && n.value[i] == 0) --i;
@@ -233,12 +241,27 @@ template <> FMT_FUNC int count_digits<4>(internal::fallback_uintptr n) {
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-const char basic_data<T>::digits[] =
-    "0001020304050607080910111213141516171819"
-    "2021222324252627282930313233343536373839"
-    "4041424344454647484950515253545556575859"
-    "6061626364656667686970717273747576777879"
-    "8081828384858687888990919293949596979899";
+const typename basic_data<T>::digit_pair basic_data<T>::digits[] = {
+    {'0', '0'},  {'0', '1'},  {'0', '2'},  {'0', '3'},  {'0', '4'},
+    {'0', '5'},  {'0', '6'},  {'0', '7'},  {'0', '8'},  {'0', '9'},
+    {'1', '0'},  {'1', '1'},  {'1', '2'},  {'1', '3'},  {'1', '4'},
+    {'1', '5'},  {'1', '6'},  {'1', '7'},  {'1', '8'},  {'1', '9'},
+    {'2', '0'},  {'2', '1'},  {'2', '2'},  {'2', '3'},  {'2', '4'},
+    {'2', '5'},  {'2', '6'},  {'2', '7'},  {'2', '8'},  {'2', '9'},
+    {'3', '0'},  {'3', '1'},  {'3', '2'},  {'3', '3'},  {'3', '4'},
+    {'3', '5'},  {'3', '6'},  {'3', '7'},  {'3', '8'},  {'3', '9'},
+    {'4', '0'},  {'4', '1'},  {'4', '2'},  {'4', '3'},  {'4', '4'},
+    {'4', '5'},  {'4', '6'},  {'4', '7'},  {'4', '8'},  {'4', '9'},
+    {'5', '0'},  {'5', '1'},  {'5', '2'},  {'5', '3'},  {'5', '4'},
+    {'5', '5'},  {'5', '6'},  {'5', '7'},  {'5', '8'},  {'5', '9'},
+    {'6', '0'},  {'6', '1'},  {'6', '2'},  {'6', '3'},  {'6', '4'},
+    {'6', '5'},  {'6', '6'},  {'6', '7'},  {'6', '8'},  {'6', '9'},
+    {'7', '0'},  {'7', '1'},  {'7', '2'},  {'7', '3'},  {'7', '4'},
+    {'7', '5'},  {'7', '6'},  {'7', '7'},  {'7', '8'},  {'7', '9'},
+    {'8', '0'},  {'8', '1'},  {'8', '2'},  {'8', '3'},  {'8', '4'},
+    {'8', '5'},  {'8', '6'},  {'8', '7'},  {'8', '8'},  {'8', '9'},
+    {'9', '0'},  {'9', '1'},  {'9', '2'},  {'9', '3'},  {'9', '4'},
+    {'9', '5'},  {'9', '6'},  {'9', '7'},  {'9', '8'},  {'9', '9'}};
 
 template <typename T>
 const char basic_data<T>::hex_digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
@@ -317,6 +340,10 @@ const char basic_data<T>::background_color[] = "\x1b[48;2;";
 template <typename T> const char basic_data<T>::reset_color[] = "\x1b[0m";
 template <typename T> const wchar_t basic_data<T>::wreset_color[] = L"\x1b[0m";
 template <typename T> const char basic_data<T>::signs[] = {0, '-', '+', ' '};
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::left_padding_shifts[] = {31, 31, 0, 1, 0};
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::right_padding_shifts[] = {0, 31, 0, 1, 0};
 
 template <typename T> struct bits {
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int value =
@@ -576,9 +603,10 @@ class bigint {
   void operator=(const bigint&) = delete;
 
   void assign(const bigint& other) {
-    bigits_.resize(other.bigits_.size());
+    auto size = other.bigits_.size();
+    bigits_.resize(size);
     auto data = other.bigits_.data();
-    std::copy(data, data + other.bigits_.size(), bigits_.data());
+    std::copy(data, data + size, make_checked(bigits_.data(), size));
     exp_ = other.exp_;
   }
 
@@ -594,7 +622,7 @@ class bigint {
 
   int num_bigits() const { return static_cast<int>(bigits_.size()) + exp_; }
 
-  bigint& operator<<=(int shift) {
+  FMT_NOINLINE bigint& operator<<=(int shift) {
     assert(shift >= 0);
     exp_ += shift / bigit_bits;
     shift %= bigit_bits;
@@ -1125,7 +1153,7 @@ int snprintf_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs,
     precision = (precision >= 0 ? precision : 6) - 1;
 
   // Build the format string.
-  enum { max_format_size = 7 };  // Ths longest format is "%#.*Le".
+  enum { max_format_size = 7 };  // The longest format is "%#.*Le".
   char format[max_format_size];
   char* format_ptr = format;
   *format_ptr++ = '%';
@@ -1145,13 +1173,13 @@ int snprintf_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs,
   for (;;) {
     auto begin = buf.data() + offset;
     auto capacity = buf.capacity() - offset;
-#ifdef FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
     if (precision > 100000)
       throw std::runtime_error(
           "fuzz mode - avoid large allocation inside snprintf");
 #endif
     // Suppress the warning about a nonliteral format string.
-    // Cannot use auto becase of a bug in MinGW (#1532).
+    // Cannot use auto because of a bug in MinGW (#1532).
     int (*snprintf_ptr)(char*, size_t, const char*, ...) = FMT_SNPRINTF;
     int result = precision >= 0
                      ? snprintf_ptr(begin, capacity, format, precision, value)
@@ -1268,14 +1296,14 @@ FMT_FUNC const char* utf8_decode(const char* buf, uint32_t* c, int* e) {
 
   return next;
 }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
-template <> struct formatter<internal::bigint> {
+template <> struct formatter<detail::bigint> {
   format_parse_context::iterator parse(format_parse_context& ctx) {
     return ctx.begin();
   }
 
-  format_context::iterator format(const internal::bigint& n,
+  format_context::iterator format(const detail::bigint& n,
                                   format_context& ctx) {
     auto out = ctx.out();
     bool first = true;
@@ -1289,12 +1317,12 @@ template <> struct formatter<internal::bigint> {
       out = format_to(out, "{:08x}", value);
     }
     if (n.exp_ > 0)
-      out = format_to(out, "p{}", n.exp_ * internal::bigint::bigit_bits);
+      out = format_to(out, "p{}", n.exp_ * detail::bigint::bigit_bits);
     return out;
   }
 };
 
-FMT_FUNC internal::utf8_to_utf16::utf8_to_utf16(string_view s) {
+FMT_FUNC detail::utf8_to_utf16::utf8_to_utf16(string_view s) {
   auto transcode = [this](const char* p) {
     auto cp = uint32_t();
     auto error = 0;
@@ -1325,7 +1353,7 @@ FMT_FUNC internal::utf8_to_utf16::utf8_to_utf16(string_view s) {
   buffer_.push_back(0);
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                   string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   FMT_TRY {
     memory_buffer buf;
@@ -1333,12 +1361,9 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
     for (;;) {
       char* system_message = &buf[0];
       int result =
-          internal::safe_strerror(error_code, system_message, buf.size());
+          detail::safe_strerror(error_code, system_message, buf.size());
       if (result == 0) {
-        internal::writer w(out);
-        w.write(message);
-        w.write(": ");
-        w.write(system_message);
+        format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}: {}", message, system_message);
         return;
       }
       if (result != ERANGE)
@@ -1350,7 +1375,7 @@ FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
   format_error_code(out, error_code, message);
 }
 
-FMT_FUNC void internal::error_handler::on_error(const char* message) {
+FMT_FUNC void detail::error_handler::on_error(const char* message) {
   FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
 }
 
@@ -1359,14 +1384,39 @@ FMT_FUNC void report_system_error(int error_code,
   report_error(format_system_error, error_code, message);
 }
 
+struct stringifier {
+  template <typename T> FMT_INLINE std::string operator()(T value) const {
+    return to_string(value);
+  }
+  std::string operator()(basic_format_arg<format_context>::handle h) const {
+    memory_buffer buf;
+    detail::buffer<char>& base = buf;
+    format_parse_context parse_ctx({});
+    format_context format_ctx(std::back_inserter(base), {}, {});
+    h.format(parse_ctx, format_ctx);
+    return to_string(buf);
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_FUNC std::string detail::vformat(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  if (format_str.size() == 2 && equal2(format_str.data(), "{}")) {
+    auto arg = args.get(0);
+    if (!arg) error_handler().on_error("argument not found");
+    return visit_format_arg(stringifier(), arg);
+  }
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
 FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str, format_args args) {
   memory_buffer buffer;
-  internal::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
-                       basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
+                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
 #ifdef _WIN32
   auto fd = _fileno(f);
   if (_isatty(fd)) {
-    internal::utf8_to_utf16 u16(string_view(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+    detail::utf8_to_utf16 u16(string_view(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
     auto written = DWORD();
     if (!WriteConsoleW(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd)),
                        u16.c_str(), static_cast<DWORD>(u16.size()), &written,
@@ -1376,16 +1426,16 @@ FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str, format_args args) {
     return;
   }
 #endif
-  internal::fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
+  detail::fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
 }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 // Print assuming legacy (non-Unicode) encoding.
-FMT_FUNC void internal::vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str,
-                                        format_args args) {
+FMT_FUNC void detail::vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str,
+                                      format_args args) {
   memory_buffer buffer;
-  internal::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
-                       basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
+                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
   fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
 }
 #endif

oss/fmt/include/fmt/locale.h

@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 template <typename Char>
 typename buffer_context<Char>::iterator vformat_to(
     const std::locale& loc, buffer<Char>& buf,
     basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
     basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
-  using range = buffer_range<Char>;
-  return vformat_to<arg_formatter<range>>(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args,
-                                          internal::locale_ref(loc));
+  using af = arg_formatter<typename buffer_context<Char>::iterator, Char>;
+  return vformat_to<af>(std::back_inserter(buf), to_string_view(format_str),
+                        args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
@@ -30,43 +30,43 @@ std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
     const std::locale& loc, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
     basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  internal::vformat_to(loc, buffer, format_str, args);
+  detail::vformat_to(loc, buffer, format_str, args);
   return fmt::to_string(buffer);
 }
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
     const std::locale& loc, const S& format_str,
     basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
-  return internal::vformat(loc, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+  return detail::vformat(loc, to_string_view(format_str), args);
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
 inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const std::locale& loc,
                                       const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
-  return internal::vformat(
+  return detail::vformat(
       loc, to_string_view(format_str),
-      internal::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+      detail::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
 }
 
 template <typename S, typename OutputIt, typename... Args,
           typename Char = enable_if_t<
-              internal::is_output_iterator<OutputIt>::value, char_t<S>>>
+              detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt>::value, char_t<S>>>
 inline OutputIt vformat_to(
     OutputIt out, const std::locale& loc, const S& format_str,
     format_args_t<type_identity_t<OutputIt>, Char> args) {
-  using range = internal::output_range<OutputIt, Char>;
-  return vformat_to<arg_formatter<range>>(
-      range(out), to_string_view(format_str), args, internal::locale_ref(loc));
+  using af = detail::arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>;
+  return vformat_to<af>(out, to_string_view(format_str), args,
+                        detail::locale_ref(loc));
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_output_iterator<OutputIt>::value&&
-                            internal::is_string<S>::value)>
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt>::value&&
+                            detail::is_string<S>::value)>
 inline OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const std::locale& loc,
                           const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
-  internal::check_format_string<Args...>(format_str);
+  detail::check_format_string<Args...>(format_str);
   using context = format_context_t<OutputIt, char_t<S>>;
   format_arg_store<context, Args...> as{args...};
   return vformat_to(out, loc, to_string_view(format_str),

oss/fmt/include/fmt/os.h

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 #ifdef FMT_SYSTEM
 #  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) FMT_SYSTEM(call)
 #else
-#  define FMT_SYSTEM(call) call
+#  define FMT_SYSTEM(call) ::call
 #  ifdef _WIN32
 // Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
 #    define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::_##call
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class error_code {
 };
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 // A converter from UTF-16 to UTF-8.
 // It is only provided for Windows since other systems support UTF-8 natively.
 class utf16_to_utf8 {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class utf16_to_utf8 {
 
 FMT_API void format_windows_error(buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
                                   string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 /** A Windows error. */
 class windows_error : public system_error {
@@ -277,7 +277,8 @@ class file {
   enum {
     RDONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_RDONLY),  // Open for reading only.
     WRONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_WRONLY),  // Open for writing only.
-    RDWR = FMT_POSIX(O_RDWR)       // Open for reading and writing.
+    RDWR = FMT_POSIX(O_RDWR),      // Open for reading and writing.
+    CREATE = FMT_POSIX(O_CREAT)    // Create if the file doesn't exist.
   };
 
   // Constructs a file object which doesn't represent any file.
@@ -313,10 +314,10 @@ class file {
   FMT_API long long size() const;
 
   // Attempts to read count bytes from the file into the specified buffer.
-  FMT_API std::size_t read(void* buffer, std::size_t count);
+  FMT_API size_t read(void* buffer, size_t count);
 
   // Attempts to write count bytes from the specified buffer to the file.
-  FMT_API std::size_t write(const void* buffer, std::size_t count);
+  FMT_API size_t write(const void* buffer, size_t count);
 
   // Duplicates a file descriptor with the dup function and returns
   // the duplicate as a file object.
@@ -341,6 +342,63 @@ class file {
 
 // Returns the memory page size.
 long getpagesize();
+
+class direct_buffered_file;
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args>
+void print(direct_buffered_file& f, const S& format_str,
+           const Args&... args);
+
+// A buffered file with a direct buffer access and no synchronization.
+class direct_buffered_file {
+ private:
+  file file_;
+
+  enum { buffer_size = 4096 };
+  char buffer_[buffer_size];
+  int pos_;
+
+  void flush() {
+    if (pos_ == 0) return;
+    file_.write(buffer_, pos_);
+    pos_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  int free_capacity() const { return buffer_size - pos_; }
+
+ public:
+  direct_buffered_file(cstring_view path, int oflag)
+    : file_(path, oflag), pos_(0) {}
+
+  ~direct_buffered_file() {
+    flush();
+  }
+
+  void close() {
+    flush();
+    file_.close();
+  }
+
+  template <typename S, typename... Args>
+  friend void print(direct_buffered_file& f, const S& format_str,
+                    const Args&... args) {
+    // We could avoid double buffering.
+    auto buf = fmt::memory_buffer();
+    fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), format_str, args...);
+    auto remaining_pos = 0;
+    auto remaining_size = buf.size();
+    while (remaining_size > detail::to_unsigned(f.free_capacity())) {
+      auto size = f.free_capacity();
+      memcpy(f.buffer_ + f.pos_, buf.data() + remaining_pos, size);
+      f.pos_ += size;
+      f.flush();
+      remaining_pos += size;
+      remaining_size -= size;
+    }
+    memcpy(f.buffer_ + f.pos_, buf.data() + remaining_pos, remaining_size);
+    f.pos_ += static_cast<int>(remaining_size);
+  }
+};
 #endif  // FMT_USE_FCNTL
 
 #ifdef FMT_LOCALE

oss/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h

@@ -9,10 +9,15 @@
 #define FMT_OSTREAM_H_
 
 #include <ostream>
+
 #include "format.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace internal {
+
+template <typename Char> class basic_printf_parse_context;
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
+
+namespace detail {
 
 template <class Char> class formatbuf : public std::basic_streambuf<Char> {
  private:
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ template <typename T, typename Char> class is_streamable {
 
 // Write the content of buf to os.
 template <typename Char>
-void write(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
+void write_buffer(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
   const Char* buf_data = buf.data();
   using unsigned_streamsize = std::make_unsigned<std::streamsize>::type;
   unsigned_streamsize size = buf.size();
@@ -93,34 +98,53 @@ void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value,
                   locale_ref loc = locale_ref()) {
   formatbuf<Char> format_buf(buf);
   std::basic_ostream<Char> output(&format_buf);
-  #if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
+#if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
   if (loc) output.imbue(loc.get<std::locale>());
-  #endif
-  output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
+#endif
   output << value;
+  output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
   buf.resize(buf.size());
 }
 
 // Formats an object of type T that has an overloaded ostream operator<<.
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct fallback_formatter<T, Char, enable_if_t<is_streamable<T, Char>::value>>
-    : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
-  template <typename Context>
-  auto format(const T& value, Context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    : private formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::parse(ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename ParseCtx,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<
+                          ParseCtx, basic_printf_parse_context<Char>>::value)>
+  auto parse(ParseCtx& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename OutputIt>
+  auto format(const T& value, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx)
+      -> OutputIt {
     basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
     format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
     basic_string_view<Char> str(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
     return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(str, ctx);
   }
+  template <typename OutputIt>
+  auto format(const T& value, basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx)
+      -> OutputIt {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+    format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    return std::copy(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), ctx.out());
+  }
 };
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename Char>
 void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
             basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  internal::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
-  internal::write(os, buffer);
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  detail::write_buffer(os, buffer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -133,10 +157,10 @@ void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
   \endrst
  */
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          typename Char = enable_if_t<internal::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
 void print(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
   vprint(os, to_string_view(format_str),
-         internal::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+         detail::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
 }
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 

oss/fmt/include/fmt/posix.h

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 #include "os.h"
-#warning "fmt/posix.h is deprecated; use fmt/os.h instead"
+#warning "fmt/posix.h is deprecated; use fmt/os.h instead"

oss/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "ostream.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 // Checks if a value fits in int - used to avoid warnings about comparing
 // signed and unsigned integers.
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
     if (const_check(sizeof(target_type) <= sizeof(int))) {
       // Extra casts are used to silence warnings.
       if (is_signed) {
-        arg_ = internal::make_arg<Context>(
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
             static_cast<int>(static_cast<target_type>(value)));
       } else {
         using unsigned_type = typename make_unsigned_or_bool<target_type>::type;
-        arg_ = internal::make_arg<Context>(
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
             static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<unsigned_type>(value)));
       }
     } else {
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
         // glibc's printf doesn't sign extend arguments of smaller types:
         //   std::printf("%lld", -42);  // prints "4294967254"
         // but we don't have to do the same because it's a UB.
-        arg_ = internal::make_arg<Context>(static_cast<long long>(value));
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(static_cast<long long>(value));
       } else {
-        arg_ = internal::make_arg<Context>(
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
             static_cast<typename make_unsigned_or_bool<U>::type>(value));
       }
     }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ template <typename Context> class char_converter {
 
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   void operator()(T value) {
-    arg_ = internal::make_arg<Context>(
+    arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
         static_cast<typename Context::char_type>(value));
   }
 
@@ -141,6 +141,13 @@ template <typename Context> class char_converter {
   void operator()(T) {}  // No conversion needed for non-integral types.
 };
 
+// An argument visitor that return a pointer to a C string if argument is a
+// string or null otherwise.
+template <typename Char> struct get_cstring {
+  template <typename T> const Char* operator()(T) { return nullptr; }
+  const Char* operator()(const Char* s) { return s; }
+};
+
 // Checks if an argument is a valid printf width specifier and sets
 // left alignment if it is negative.
 template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
@@ -155,7 +162,7 @@ template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
   template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
   unsigned operator()(T value) {
     auto width = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>(value);
-    if (internal::is_negative(value)) {
+    if (detail::is_negative(value)) {
       specs_.align = align::left;
       width = 0 - width;
     }
@@ -172,23 +179,25 @@ template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
 };
 
 template <typename Char, typename Context>
-void printf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
-            basic_format_args<Context> args) {
+void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
+             basic_format_args<Context> args) {
   Context(std::back_inserter(buf), format, args).format();
 }
+}  // namespace detail
 
-template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename Context>
-internal::truncating_iterator<OutputIt> printf(
-    internal::truncating_iterator<OutputIt> it, basic_string_view<Char> format,
-    basic_format_args<Context> args) {
-  return Context(it, format, args).format();
+// For printing into memory_buffer.
+template <typename Char, typename Context>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void printf(detail::buffer<Char>& buf,
+                           basic_string_view<Char> format,
+                           basic_format_args<Context> args) {
+  return detail::vprintf(buf, format, args);
 }
-}  // namespace internal
-
-using internal::printf;  // For printing into memory_buffer.
-
-template <typename Range> class printf_arg_formatter;
+using detail::vprintf;
 
+template <typename Char>
+class basic_printf_parse_context : public basic_format_parse_context<Char> {
+  using basic_format_parse_context<Char>::basic_format_parse_context;
+};
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
 
 /**
@@ -196,15 +205,15 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
   The ``printf`` argument formatter.
   \endrst
  */
-template <typename Range>
-class printf_arg_formatter : public internal::arg_formatter_base<Range> {
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+class printf_arg_formatter : public detail::arg_formatter_base<OutputIt, Char> {
  public:
-  using iterator = typename Range::iterator;
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
 
  private:
-  using char_type = typename Range::value_type;
-  using base = internal::arg_formatter_base<Range>;
-  using context_type = basic_printf_context<iterator, char_type>;
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using base = detail::arg_formatter_base<OutputIt, Char>;
+  using context_type = basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>;
 
   context_type& context_;
 
@@ -229,9 +238,9 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public internal::arg_formatter_base<Range> {
     \endrst
    */
   printf_arg_formatter(iterator iter, format_specs& specs, context_type& ctx)
-      : base(Range(iter), &specs, internal::locale_ref()), context_(ctx) {}
+      : base(iter, &specs, detail::locale_ref()), context_(ctx) {}
 
-  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(fmt::internal::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(fmt::detail::is_integral<T>::value)>
   iterator operator()(T value) {
     // MSVC2013 fails to compile separate overloads for bool and char_type so
     // use std::is_same instead.
@@ -246,7 +255,11 @@ class printf_arg_formatter : public internal::arg_formatter_base<Range> {
         return (*this)(static_cast<int>(value));
       fmt_specs.sign = sign::none;
       fmt_specs.alt = false;
-      fmt_specs.align = align::right;
+      fmt_specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
+      // align::numeric needs to be overwritten here since the '0' flag is
+      // ignored for non-numeric types
+      if (fmt_specs.align == align::none || fmt_specs.align == align::numeric)
+        fmt_specs.align = align::right;
       return base::operator()(value);
     } else {
       return base::operator()(value);
@@ -312,18 +325,21 @@ template <typename T> struct printf_formatter {
 
   template <typename FormatContext>
   auto format(const T& value, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
-    internal::format_value(internal::get_container(ctx.out()), value);
+    detail::format_value(detail::get_container(ctx.out()), value);
     return ctx.out();
   }
 };
 
-/** This template formats data and writes the output to a writer. */
+/**
+ This template formats data and writes the output through an output iterator.
+ */
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
  public:
   /** The character type for the output. */
   using char_type = Char;
   using iterator = OutputIt;
   using format_arg = basic_format_arg<basic_printf_context>;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_printf_parse_context<Char>;
   template <typename T> using formatter_type = printf_formatter<T>;
 
  private:
@@ -331,7 +347,7 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
 
   OutputIt out_;
   basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args_;
-  basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_ctx_;
+  parse_context_type parse_ctx_;
 
   static void parse_flags(format_specs& specs, const Char*& it,
                           const Char* end);
@@ -346,9 +362,8 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
  public:
   /**
    \rst
-   Constructs a ``printf_context`` object. References to the arguments and
-   the writer are stored in the context object so make sure they have
-   appropriate lifetimes.
+   Constructs a ``printf_context`` object. References to the arguments are
+   stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
    \endrst
    */
   basic_printf_context(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<char_type> format_str,
@@ -358,18 +373,18 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
   OutputIt out() { return out_; }
   void advance_to(OutputIt it) { out_ = it; }
 
-  internal::locale_ref locale() { return {}; }
+  detail::locale_ref locale() { return {}; }
 
   format_arg arg(int id) const { return args_.get(id); }
 
-  basic_format_parse_context<Char>& parse_context() { return parse_ctx_; }
+  parse_context_type& parse_context() { return parse_ctx_; }
 
   FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
     parse_ctx_.on_error(message);
   }
 
   /** Formats stored arguments and writes the output to the range. */
-  template <typename ArgFormatter = printf_arg_formatter<buffer_range<Char>>>
+  template <typename ArgFormatter = printf_arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>>
   OutputIt format();
 };
 
@@ -389,7 +404,9 @@ void basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_flags(format_specs& specs,
       specs.fill[0] = '0';
       break;
     case ' ':
-      specs.sign = sign::space;
+      if (specs.sign != sign::plus) {
+        specs.sign = sign::space;
+      }
       break;
     case '#':
       specs.alt = true;
@@ -407,7 +424,7 @@ basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::get_arg(int arg_index) {
     arg_index = parse_ctx_.next_arg_id();
   else
     parse_ctx_.check_arg_id(--arg_index);
-  return internal::get_arg(*this, arg_index);
+  return detail::get_arg(*this, arg_index);
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
@@ -419,7 +436,7 @@ int basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_header(const Char*& it,
   if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
     // Parse an argument index (if followed by '$') or a width possibly
     // preceded with '0' flag(s).
-    internal::error_handler eh;
+    detail::error_handler eh;
     int value = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
     if (it != end && *it == '$') {  // value is an argument index
       ++it;
@@ -438,12 +455,12 @@ int basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_header(const Char*& it,
   // Parse width.
   if (it != end) {
     if (*it >= '0' && *it <= '9') {
-      internal::error_handler eh;
+      detail::error_handler eh;
       specs.width = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
     } else if (*it == '*') {
       ++it;
       specs.width = static_cast<int>(visit_format_arg(
-          internal::printf_width_handler<char_type>(specs), get_arg()));
+          detail::printf_width_handler<char_type>(specs), get_arg()));
     }
   }
   return arg_index;
@@ -471,38 +488,52 @@ OutputIt basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format() {
 
     // Parse argument index, flags and width.
     int arg_index = parse_header(it, end, specs);
-    if (arg_index == 0) on_error("argument index out of range");
+    if (arg_index == 0) on_error("argument not found");
 
     // Parse precision.
     if (it != end && *it == '.') {
       ++it;
       c = it != end ? *it : 0;
       if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
-        internal::error_handler eh;
+        detail::error_handler eh;
         specs.precision = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
       } else if (c == '*') {
         ++it;
         specs.precision = static_cast<int>(
-            visit_format_arg(internal::printf_precision_handler(), get_arg()));
+            visit_format_arg(detail::printf_precision_handler(), get_arg()));
       } else {
         specs.precision = 0;
       }
     }
 
     format_arg arg = get_arg(arg_index);
-    if (specs.alt && visit_format_arg(internal::is_zero_int(), arg))
+    // For d, i, o, u, x, and X conversion specifiers, if a precision is
+    // specified, the '0' flag is ignored
+    if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.is_integral())
+      specs.fill[0] =
+          ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-' present.
+    if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.type() == detail::type::cstring_type) {
+      auto str = visit_format_arg(detail::get_cstring<Char>(), arg);
+      auto str_end = str + specs.precision;
+      auto nul = std::find(str, str_end, Char());
+      arg = detail::make_arg<basic_printf_context>(basic_string_view<Char>(
+          str,
+          detail::to_unsigned(nul != str_end ? nul - str : specs.precision)));
+    }
+    if (specs.alt && visit_format_arg(detail::is_zero_int(), arg))
       specs.alt = false;
     if (specs.fill[0] == '0') {
-      if (arg.is_arithmetic())
+      if (arg.is_arithmetic() && specs.align != align::left)
         specs.align = align::numeric;
       else
-        specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types.
+        specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
+                              // flag is also present.
     }
 
     // Parse length and convert the argument to the required type.
     c = it != end ? *it++ : 0;
     char_type t = it != end ? *it : 0;
-    using internal::convert_arg;
+    using detail::convert_arg;
     switch (c) {
     case 'h':
       if (t == 'h') {
@@ -526,7 +557,7 @@ OutputIt basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format() {
       convert_arg<intmax_t>(arg, t);
       break;
     case 'z':
-      convert_arg<std::size_t>(arg, t);
+      convert_arg<size_t>(arg, t);
       break;
     case 't':
       convert_arg<std::ptrdiff_t>(arg, t);
@@ -551,7 +582,7 @@ OutputIt basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format() {
         specs.type = 'd';
         break;
       case 'c':
-        visit_format_arg(internal::char_converter<basic_printf_context>(arg),
+        visit_format_arg(detail::char_converter<basic_printf_context>(arg),
                          arg);
         break;
       }
@@ -560,15 +591,14 @@ OutputIt basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format() {
     start = it;
 
     // Format argument.
-    visit_format_arg(ArgFormatter(out, specs, *this), arg);
+    out = visit_format_arg(ArgFormatter(out, specs, *this), arg);
   }
   return std::copy(start, it, out);
 }
 
 template <typename Char>
 using basic_printf_context_t =
-    basic_printf_context<std::back_insert_iterator<internal::buffer<Char>>,
-                         Char>;
+    basic_printf_context<std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<Char>>, Char>;
 
 using printf_context = basic_printf_context_t<char>;
 using wprintf_context = basic_printf_context_t<wchar_t>;
@@ -605,7 +635,7 @@ inline std::basic_string<Char> vsprintf(
     const S& format,
     basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  printf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
   return to_string(buffer);
 }
 
@@ -619,7 +649,7 @@ inline std::basic_string<Char> vsprintf(
   \endrst
 */
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          typename Char = enable_if_t<internal::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
 inline std::basic_string<Char> sprintf(const S& format, const Args&... args) {
   using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
   return vsprintf(to_string_view(format), make_format_args<context>(args...));
@@ -630,8 +660,8 @@ inline int vfprintf(
     std::FILE* f, const S& format,
     basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  printf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
-  std::size_t size = buffer.size();
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
+  size_t size = buffer.size();
   return std::fwrite(buffer.data(), sizeof(Char), size, f) < size
              ? -1
              : static_cast<int>(size);
@@ -647,7 +677,7 @@ inline int vfprintf(
   \endrst
  */
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          typename Char = enable_if_t<internal::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
 inline int fprintf(std::FILE* f, const S& format, const Args&... args) {
   using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
   return vfprintf(f, to_string_view(format),
@@ -671,7 +701,7 @@ inline int vprintf(
   \endrst
  */
 template <typename S, typename... Args,
-          FMT_ENABLE_IF(internal::is_string<S>::value)>
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
 inline int printf(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
   using context = basic_printf_context_t<char_t<S>>;
   return vprintf(to_string_view(format_str),
@@ -683,8 +713,8 @@ inline int vfprintf(
     std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& format,
     basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
   basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
-  printf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
-  internal::write(os, buffer);
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
+  detail::write_buffer(os, buffer);
   return static_cast<int>(buffer.size());
 }
 
@@ -693,7 +723,7 @@ template <typename ArgFormatter, typename Char,
           typename Context =
               basic_printf_context<typename ArgFormatter::iterator, Char>>
 typename ArgFormatter::iterator vprintf(
-    internal::buffer<Char>& out, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    detail::buffer<Char>& out, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
     basic_format_args<type_identity_t<Context>> args) {
   typename ArgFormatter::iterator iter(out);
   Context(iter, format_str, args).template format<ArgFormatter>();

oss/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ template <typename Char> struct formatting_base {
 
 template <typename Char, typename Enable = void>
 struct formatting_range : formatting_base<Char> {
-  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const std::size_t range_length_limit =
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const size_t range_length_limit =
       FMT_RANGE_OUTPUT_LENGTH_LIMIT;  // output only up to N items from the
                                       // range.
   Char prefix;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct formatting_tuple : formatting_base<Char> {
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool add_prepostfix_space = false;
 };
 
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 template <typename RangeT, typename OutputIterator>
 OutputIterator copy(const RangeT& range, OutputIterator out) {
@@ -118,26 +118,24 @@ template <typename T> class is_tuple_like_ {
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_integer_sequence) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
 template <typename T, T... N>
 using integer_sequence = std::integer_sequence<T, N...>;
-template <std::size_t... N> using index_sequence = std::index_sequence<N...>;
-template <std::size_t N>
-using make_index_sequence = std::make_index_sequence<N>;
+template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = std::index_sequence<N...>;
+template <size_t N> using make_index_sequence = std::make_index_sequence<N>;
 #else
 template <typename T, T... N> struct integer_sequence {
   using value_type = T;
 
-  static FMT_CONSTEXPR std::size_t size() { return sizeof...(N); }
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t size() { return sizeof...(N); }
 };
 
-template <std::size_t... N>
-using index_sequence = integer_sequence<std::size_t, N...>;
+template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, N...>;
 
-template <typename T, std::size_t N, T... Ns>
+template <typename T, size_t N, T... Ns>
 struct make_integer_sequence : make_integer_sequence<T, N - 1, N - 1, Ns...> {};
 template <typename T, T... Ns>
 struct make_integer_sequence<T, 0, Ns...> : integer_sequence<T, Ns...> {};
 
-template <std::size_t N>
-using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<std::size_t, N>;
+template <size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, N>;
 #endif
 
 template <class Tuple, class F, size_t... Is>
@@ -185,11 +183,11 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR const wchar_t* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const wchar_t) {
   return add_space ? L" '{}'" : L"'{}'";
 }
 
-}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace detail
 
 template <typename T> struct is_tuple_like {
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
-      internal::is_tuple_like_<T>::value && !internal::is_range_<T>::value;
+      detail::is_tuple_like_<T>::value && !detail::is_range_<T>::value;
 };
 
 template <typename TupleT, typename Char>
@@ -202,17 +200,17 @@ struct formatter<TupleT, Char, enable_if_t<fmt::is_tuple_like<TupleT>::value>> {
         if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) {
           *out++ = ' ';
         }
-        out = internal::copy(formatting.delimiter, out);
+        out = detail::copy(formatting.delimiter, out);
       }
       out = format_to(out,
-                      internal::format_str_quoted(
+                      detail::format_str_quoted(
                           (formatting.add_delimiter_spaces && i > 0), v),
                       v);
       ++i;
     }
 
     formatting_tuple<Char>& formatting;
-    std::size_t& i;
+    size_t& i;
     typename std::add_lvalue_reference<decltype(
         std::declval<FormatContext>().out())>::type out;
   };
@@ -228,14 +226,14 @@ struct formatter<TupleT, Char, enable_if_t<fmt::is_tuple_like<TupleT>::value>> {
   template <typename FormatContext = format_context>
   auto format(const TupleT& values, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto out = ctx.out();
-    std::size_t i = 0;
-    internal::copy(formatting.prefix, out);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    detail::copy(formatting.prefix, out);
 
-    internal::for_each(values, format_each<FormatContext>{formatting, i, out});
+    detail::for_each(values, format_each<FormatContext>{formatting, i, out});
     if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) {
       *out++ = ' ';
     }
-    internal::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
+    detail::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
 
     return ctx.out();
   }
@@ -243,10 +241,9 @@ struct formatter<TupleT, Char, enable_if_t<fmt::is_tuple_like<TupleT>::value>> {
 
 template <typename T, typename Char> struct is_range {
   static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
-      internal::is_range_<T>::value &&
-      !internal::is_like_std_string<T>::value &&
+      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::is_like_std_string<T>::value &&
       !std::is_convertible<T, std::basic_string<Char>>::value &&
-      !std::is_constructible<internal::std_string_view<Char>, T>::value;
+      !std::is_constructible<detail::std_string_view<Char>, T>::value;
 };
 
 template <typename RangeT, typename Char>
@@ -262,15 +259,17 @@ struct formatter<RangeT, Char,
   template <typename FormatContext>
   typename FormatContext::iterator format(const RangeT& values,
                                           FormatContext& ctx) {
-    auto out = internal::copy(formatting.prefix, ctx.out());
-    std::size_t i = 0;
-    for (auto it = values.begin(), end = values.end(); it != end; ++it) {
+    auto out = detail::copy(formatting.prefix, ctx.out());
+    size_t i = 0;
+    auto it = values.begin();
+    auto end = values.end();
+    for (; it != end; ++it) {
       if (i > 0) {
         if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) *out++ = ' ';
-        out = internal::copy(formatting.delimiter, out);
+        out = detail::copy(formatting.delimiter, out);
       }
       out = format_to(out,
-                      internal::format_str_quoted(
+                      detail::format_str_quoted(
                           (formatting.add_delimiter_spaces && i > 0), *it),
                       *it);
       if (++i > formatting.range_length_limit) {
@@ -279,11 +278,11 @@ struct formatter<RangeT, Char,
       }
     }
     if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) *out++ = ' ';
-    return internal::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
+    return detail::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
   }
 };
 
-template <typename Char, typename... T> struct tuple_arg_join : internal::view {
+template <typename Char, typename... T> struct tuple_arg_join : detail::view {
   const std::tuple<T...>& tuple;
   basic_string_view<Char> sep;
 
@@ -301,14 +300,14 @@ struct formatter<tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>, Char> {
   template <typename FormatContext>
   typename FormatContext::iterator format(
       const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx) {
-    return format(value, ctx, internal::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{});
+    return format(value, ctx, detail::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{});
   }
 
  private:
   template <typename FormatContext, size_t... N>
   typename FormatContext::iterator format(
       const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx,
-      internal::index_sequence<N...>) {
+      detail::index_sequence<N...>) {
     return format_args(value, ctx, std::get<N>(value.tuple)...);
   }
 
@@ -371,14 +370,14 @@ FMT_CONSTEXPR tuple_arg_join<wchar_t, T...> join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple,
   \endrst
  */
 template <typename T>
-arg_join<internal::iterator_t<const std::initializer_list<T>>, char> join(
-    std::initializer_list<T> list, string_view sep) {
+arg_join<const T*, const T*, char> join(std::initializer_list<T> list,
+                                        string_view sep) {
   return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-arg_join<internal::iterator_t<const std::initializer_list<T>>, wchar_t> join(
-    std::initializer_list<T> list, wstring_view sep) {
+arg_join<const T*, const T*, wchar_t> join(std::initializer_list<T> list,
+                                           wstring_view sep) {
   return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
 }
 

oss/fmt/src/format.cc

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
 #include "fmt/format-inl.h"
 
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
-namespace internal {
+namespace detail {
 
 template <typename T>
 int format_float(char* buf, std::size_t size, const char* format, int precision,
                  T value) {
-#ifdef FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
   if (precision > 100000)
     throw std::runtime_error(
         "fuzz mode - avoid large allocation inside snprintf");
@@ -23,154 +23,47 @@ int format_float(char* buf, std::size_t size, const char* format, int precision,
   return precision < 0 ? snprintf_ptr(buf, size, format, value)
                        : snprintf_ptr(buf, size, format, precision, value);
 }
-struct sprintf_specs {
-  int precision;
-  char type;
-  bool alt : 1;
+}  // namespace detail
 
-  template <typename Char>
-  constexpr sprintf_specs(basic_format_specs<Char> specs)
-      : precision(specs.precision), type(specs.type), alt(specs.alt) {}
-
-  constexpr bool has_precision() const { return precision >= 0; }
-};
-
-// This is deprecated and is kept only to preserve ABI compatibility.
-template <typename Double>
-char* sprintf_format(Double value, internal::buffer<char>& buf,
-                     sprintf_specs specs) {
-  // Buffer capacity must be non-zero, otherwise MSVC's vsnprintf_s will fail.
-  FMT_ASSERT(buf.capacity() != 0, "empty buffer");
-
-  // Build format string.
-  enum { max_format_size = 10 };  // longest format: %#-*.*Lg
-  char format[max_format_size];
-  char* format_ptr = format;
-  *format_ptr++ = '%';
-  if (specs.alt || !specs.type) *format_ptr++ = '#';
-  if (specs.precision >= 0) {
-    *format_ptr++ = '.';
-    *format_ptr++ = '*';
-  }
-  if (std::is_same<Double, long double>::value) *format_ptr++ = 'L';
-
-  char type = specs.type;
-
-  if (type == '%')
-    type = 'f';
-  else if (type == 0 || type == 'n')
-    type = 'g';
-#if FMT_MSC_VER
-  if (type == 'F') {
-    // MSVC's printf doesn't support 'F'.
-    type = 'f';
-  }
-#endif
-  *format_ptr++ = type;
-  *format_ptr = '\0';
-
-  // Format using snprintf.
-  char* start = nullptr;
-  char* decimal_point_pos = nullptr;
-  for (;;) {
-    std::size_t buffer_size = buf.capacity();
-    start = &buf[0];
-    int result =
-        format_float(start, buffer_size, format, specs.precision, value);
-    if (result >= 0) {
-      unsigned n = internal::to_unsigned(result);
-      if (n < buf.capacity()) {
-        // Find the decimal point.
-        auto p = buf.data(), end = p + n;
-        if (*p == '+' || *p == '-') ++p;
-        if (specs.type != 'a' && specs.type != 'A') {
-          while (p < end && *p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ++p;
-          if (p < end && *p != 'e' && *p != 'E') {
-            decimal_point_pos = p;
-            if (!specs.type) {
-              // Keep only one trailing zero after the decimal point.
-              ++p;
-              if (*p == '0') ++p;
-              while (p != end && *p >= '1' && *p <= '9') ++p;
-              char* where = p;
-              while (p != end && *p == '0') ++p;
-              if (p == end || *p < '0' || *p > '9') {
-                if (p != end) std::memmove(where, p, to_unsigned(end - p));
-                n -= static_cast<unsigned>(p - where);
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        buf.resize(n);
-        break;  // The buffer is large enough - continue with formatting.
-      }
-      buf.reserve(n + 1);
-    } else {
-      // If result is negative we ask to increase the capacity by at least 1,
-      // but as std::vector, the buffer grows exponentially.
-      buf.reserve(buf.capacity() + 1);
-    }
-  }
-  return decimal_point_pos;
-}
-}  // namespace internal
-
-template FMT_API char* internal::sprintf_format(double, internal::buffer<char>&,
-                                                sprintf_specs);
-template FMT_API char* internal::sprintf_format(long double,
-                                                internal::buffer<char>&,
-                                                sprintf_specs);
-
-template struct FMT_INSTANTIATION_DEF_API internal::basic_data<void>;
+template struct FMT_INSTANTIATION_DEF_API detail::basic_data<void>;
 
 // Workaround a bug in MSVC2013 that prevents instantiation of format_float.
-int (*instantiate_format_float)(double, int, internal::float_specs,
-                                internal::buffer<char>&) =
-    internal::format_float;
+int (*instantiate_format_float)(double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                detail::buffer<char>&) = detail::format_float;
 
 #ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
-template FMT_API internal::locale_ref::locale_ref(const std::locale& loc);
-template FMT_API std::locale internal::locale_ref::get<std::locale>() const;
+template FMT_API detail::locale_ref::locale_ref(const std::locale& loc);
+template FMT_API std::locale detail::locale_ref::get<std::locale>() const;
 #endif
 
 // Explicit instantiations for char.
 
-template FMT_API std::string internal::grouping_impl<char>(locale_ref);
-template FMT_API char internal::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref);
-template FMT_API char internal::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API std::string detail::grouping_impl<char>(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API char detail::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API char detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
 
-template FMT_API void internal::buffer<char>::append(const char*, const char*);
+template FMT_API void detail::buffer<char>::append(const char*, const char*);
 
-template FMT_API void internal::arg_map<format_context>::init(
-    const basic_format_args<format_context>& args);
+template FMT_API FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(char)::iterator detail::vformat_to(
+    detail::buffer<char>&, string_view,
+    basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(char)>);
 
-template FMT_API std::string internal::vformat<char>(
-    string_view, basic_format_args<format_context>);
-
-template FMT_API format_context::iterator internal::vformat_to(
-    internal::buffer<char>&, string_view, basic_format_args<format_context>);
-
-template FMT_API int internal::snprintf_float(double, int,
-                                              internal::float_specs,
-                                              internal::buffer<char>&);
-template FMT_API int internal::snprintf_float(long double, int,
-                                              internal::float_specs,
-                                              internal::buffer<char>&);
-template FMT_API int internal::format_float(double, int, internal::float_specs,
-                                            internal::buffer<char>&);
-template FMT_API int internal::format_float(long double, int,
-                                            internal::float_specs,
-                                            internal::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::snprintf_float(double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                            detail::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::snprintf_float(long double, int,
+                                            detail::float_specs,
+                                            detail::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::format_float(double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                          detail::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::format_float(long double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                          detail::buffer<char>&);
 
 // Explicit instantiations for wchar_t.
 
-template FMT_API std::string internal::grouping_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref);
-template FMT_API wchar_t internal::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref);
-template FMT_API wchar_t internal::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API std::string detail::grouping_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API wchar_t detail::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API wchar_t detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
 
-template FMT_API void internal::buffer<wchar_t>::append(const wchar_t*,
-                                                        const wchar_t*);
-
-template FMT_API std::wstring internal::vformat<wchar_t>(
-    wstring_view, basic_format_args<wformat_context>);
+template FMT_API void detail::buffer<wchar_t>::append(const wchar_t*,
+                                                      const wchar_t*);
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE

oss/fmt/src/os.cc

@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ inline std::size_t convert_rwcount(std::size_t count) { return count; }
 FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-internal::utf16_to_utf8::utf16_to_utf8(wstring_view s) {
+detail::utf16_to_utf8::utf16_to_utf8(wstring_view s) {
   if (int error_code = convert(s)) {
     FMT_THROW(windows_error(error_code,
                             "cannot convert string from UTF-16 to UTF-8"));
   }
 }
 
-int internal::utf16_to_utf8::convert(wstring_view s) {
+int detail::utf16_to_utf8::convert(wstring_view s) {
   if (s.size() > INT_MAX) return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
   int s_size = static_cast<int>(s.size());
   if (s_size == 0) {
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ void windows_error::init(int err_code, string_view format_str,
                          format_args args) {
   error_code_ = err_code;
   memory_buffer buffer;
-  internal::format_windows_error(buffer, err_code, vformat(format_str, args));
+  detail::format_windows_error(buffer, err_code, vformat(format_str, args));
   std::runtime_error& base = *this;
   base = std::runtime_error(to_string(buffer));
 }
 
-void internal::format_windows_error(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
-                                    string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+void detail::format_windows_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                  string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
   FMT_TRY {
     wmemory_buffer buf;
     buf.resize(inline_buffer_size);
@@ -124,10 +124,7 @@ void internal::format_windows_error(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
       if (result != 0) {
         utf16_to_utf8 utf8_message;
         if (utf8_message.convert(system_message) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-          internal::writer w(out);
-          w.write(message);
-          w.write(": ");
-          w.write(utf8_message);
+          format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}: {}", message, utf8_message);
           return;
         }
         break;
@@ -143,7 +140,7 @@ void internal::format_windows_error(internal::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
 
 void report_windows_error(int error_code,
                           fmt::string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-  report_error(internal::format_windows_error, error_code, message);
+  report_error(detail::format_windows_error, error_code, message);
 }
 #endif  // _WIN32
 
@@ -234,14 +231,14 @@ std::size_t file::read(void* buffer, std::size_t count) {
   RWResult result = 0;
   FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(read(fd_, buffer, convert_rwcount(count))));
   if (result < 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot read from file"));
-  return internal::to_unsigned(result);
+  return detail::to_unsigned(result);
 }
 
 std::size_t file::write(const void* buffer, std::size_t count) {
   RWResult result = 0;
   FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(write(fd_, buffer, convert_rwcount(count))));
   if (result < 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
-  return internal::to_unsigned(result);
+  return detail::to_unsigned(result);
 }
 
 file file::dup(int fd) {
@@ -292,7 +289,11 @@ void file::pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end) {
 
 buffered_file file::fdopen(const char* mode) {
   // Don't retry as fdopen doesn't return EINTR.
+  #if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_POSIX_)
+  FILE* f = ::fdopen(fd_, mode);
+  #else
   FILE* f = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fdopen(fd_, mode));
+  #endif
   if (!f)
     FMT_THROW(
         system_error(errno, "cannot associate stream with file descriptor"));

res/README.md

@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ Please consult the [license](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/cascadi
 
 ### Fonts Included
 
-* Cascadia Code, Cascadia Mono (2005.15)
-   * from microsoft/cascadia-code@0610f2df4356200adb93cb5bca2221b92ad6ee7e
+* Cascadia Code, Cascadia Mono (2007.01)
+   * from microsoft/cascadia-code@311cc603f30635da704b6a7d13050e245e61667b

res/terminal/Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#
+# Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1
+#
+# Typical usage:
+#   .\Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1 -Path .\Terminal.svg -HighContrastPath .\Terminal_HC.svg -Destination .\images
+#   .\Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1 -Path .\Terminal_Pre.svg -HighContrastPath .\Terminal_Pre_HC.svg -Destination .\images-Pre
+#   .\Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1 -Path .\Terminal_Dev.svg -HighContrastPath .\Terminal_Dev_HC.svg -Destination .\images-Dev
+#
+# Some icons benefit from manual hints.  The most efficient way to do that is to run the script twice:
+#
+#   1. Run .\Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1 ...args... -Destination .\images -KeepIntermediates
+#   2. Manually hint the intermediate images under .\images\_intermediate*.png
+#   3. Run .\Generate-TerminalAssets.ps1 ...args... -Destination .\images -UseExistingIntermediates
+#
+# Hinting the intermediate files minimizes the number of times you'll have to
+# hint the same image.  You may want to hint just the _intermediate.*.png and
+# _intermediate.black.*.png files, and delete _intermediate.white.*.png.  The
+# script will then automatically derive _intermediate.white.*.png from
+# _intermediate.black.*.png.
+#
+
+Param(
+  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
+  [string]$Path,
+  [string]$Destination,
+  [int[]]$Altforms = (16, 20, 24, 30, 32, 36, 40, 48, 60, 64, 72, 80, 96, 256),
+  [switch]$Unplated = $true,
+  [float[]]$Scales = (1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0),
+  [string]$HighContrastPath = "",
+  [switch]$UseExistingIntermediates = $false,
+  [switch]$KeepIntermediates = $false
+)
+
+$assetTypes = @(
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="LargeTile"; W=310; H=310; IconSize=96}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="LockScreenLogo"; W=24; H=24; IconSize=24}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="SmallTile"; W=71; H=71; IconSize=36}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="SplashScreen"; W=620; H=300; IconSize=96}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="Square44x44Logo"; W=44; H=44; IconSize=32}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="Square150x150Logo"; W=150; H=150; IconSize=48}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="StoreLogo"; W=50; H=50; IconSize=36}
+  [pscustomobject]@{Name="Wide310x150Logo"; W=310; H=150; IconSize=48}
+)
+
+function CeilToEven ([int]$i) { if ($i % 2 -eq 0) { [int]($i) } else { [int]($i + 1) } }
+
+$inflatedAssetSizes = $assetTypes | ForEach-Object {
+  $as = $_;
+  $scales | ForEach-Object {
+    [pscustomobject]@{
+      Name = $as.Name + ".scale-$($_*100)"
+      W = [math]::Round($as.W * $_, [System.MidpointRounding]::ToPositiveInfinity)
+      H = [math]::Round($as.H * $_, [System.MidpointRounding]::ToPositiveInfinity)
+      IconSize = CeilToEven ($as.IconSize * $_)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+$allAssetSizes = $inflatedAssetSizes + ($Altforms | ForEach-Object {
+    [pscustomobject]@{
+      Name = "Square44x44Logo.targetsize-${_}"
+      W = [int]$_
+      H = [int]$_
+      IconSize = [int]$_
+    }
+    If ($Unplated) {
+      [pscustomobject]@{
+        Name = "Square44x44Logo.targetsize-${_}_altform-unplated"
+        W = [int]$_
+        H = [int]$_
+        IconSize = [int]$_
+      }
+    }
+  })
+
+# Cross product with the 3 high contrast modes
+$allAssetSizes = $allAssetSizes | ForEach-Object {
+    $asset = $_
+    ("standard", "black", "white") | ForEach-Object {
+        $contrast = $_
+        $name = $asset.Name
+        If ($contrast -Ne "standard") {
+            If ($HighContrastPath -Eq "") {
+                # "standard" is the default, so we can omit it in filenames
+                return
+            }
+            $name += "_contrast-" + $contrast
+        }
+        [pscustomobject]@{
+            Name = $name
+            W = $asset.W
+            H = $asset.H
+            IconSize = $asset.IconSize
+            Contrast = $_
+      }
+    }
+}
+
+$allSizes = $allAssetSizes.IconSize | Group-Object | Select-Object -Expand Name
+
+$TranslatedSVGPath = & wsl wslpath -u ((Get-Item $Path -ErrorAction:Stop).FullName -Replace "\\","/")
+$TranslatedSVGContrastPath = $null
+If ($HighContrastPath -Ne "") {
+    $TranslatedSVGContrastPath = & wsl wslpath -u ((Get-Item $HighContrastPath -ErrorAction:Stop).FullName -Replace "\\","/")
+}
+& wsl which inkscape | Out-Null
+If ($LASTEXITCODE -Ne 0) { throw "Inkscape is not installed in WSL" }
+& wsl which convert | Out-Null
+If ($LASTEXITCODE -Ne 0) { throw "imagemagick is not installed in WSL" }
+
+If (-Not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Destination)) {
+  New-Item -Type Directory $Destination -EA:Ignore
+  $TranslatedOutDir = & wsl wslpath -u ((Get-Item $Destination -EA:Stop).FullName -Replace "\\","/")
+} Else {
+  $TranslatedOutDir = "."
+}
+
+$intermediateFiles = [System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag[string]]::new()
+
+# Generate the base icons
+$allSizes | ForEach-Object -Parallel {
+  $sz = $_;
+
+  $destinationNt = $using:Destination
+  $destinationWsl = $using:TranslatedOutDir
+  $svgStandardWsl = $using:TranslatedSVGPath
+  $svgContrastWsl = $using:TranslatedSVGContrastPath
+
+  $intermediateStandardNt = "$destinationNt\_intermediate.standard.$($sz).png"
+  $intermediateStandardWsl = "$destinationWsl/_intermediate.standard.$($sz).png"
+
+  If (($using:UseExistingIntermediates -Eq $false) -Or (-Not (Test-Path $intermediateStandardNt))) {
+    wsl inkscape -z -e "$intermediateStandardWsl" -w $sz -h $sz $svgStandardWsl 
+  } Else {
+    Write-Host "Using existing $intermediateStandardNt"
+  }
+
+  ($using:intermediateFiles).Add($intermediateStandardNt)
+
+  If ($svgContrastWsl -Ne $null) {
+    $intermediateBlackNt = "$destinationNt\_intermediate.black.$($sz).png"
+    $intermediateWhiteNt = "$destinationNt\_intermediate.white.$($sz).png"
+    $intermediateBlackWsl = "$destinationWsl/_intermediate.black.$($sz).png"
+    $intermediateWhiteWsl = "$destinationWsl/_intermediate.white.$($sz).png"
+
+    If (($using:UseExistingIntermediates -Eq $false) -Or (-Not (Test-Path $intermediateBlackNt))) {
+      wsl inkscape -z -e "$intermediateBlackWsl" -w $sz -h $sz $svgContrastWsl 
+    } Else {
+      Write-Host "Using existing $intermediateBlackNt"
+    }
+
+    If (($using:UseExistingIntermediates -Eq $false) -Or (-Not (Test-Path $intermediateWhiteNt))) {
+      # The HC white icon is just a negative image of the HC black one
+      wsl convert "$intermediateBlackWsl" -channel RGB -negate "$intermediateWhiteWsl"
+    } Else {
+      Write-Host "Using existing $intermediateWhiteNt"
+    }
+
+    ($using:intermediateFiles).Add($intermediateBlackNt)
+    ($using:intermediateFiles).Add($intermediateWhiteNt)
+  }
+}
+
+# Once the base icons are done, splat them into the middles of larger canvases.
+$allAssetSizes | ForEach-Object -Parallel {
+  $asset = $_
+  If ($asset.W -Eq $asset.H -And $asset.IconSize -eq $asset.W) {
+    Write-Host "Copying base icon for size=$($asset.IconSize), contrast=$($asset.Contrast) to $($asset.Name)"
+    Copy-Item "${using:Destination}\_intermediate.$($asset.Contrast).$($asset.IconSize).png" "${using:Destination}\$($asset.Name).png" -Force
+  } Else {
+    wsl convert "$($using:TranslatedOutDir)/_intermediate.$($asset.Contrast).$($asset.IconSize).png" -gravity center -background transparent -extent "$($asset.W)x$($asset.H)" "$($using:TranslatedOutDir)/$($asset.Name).png"
+  }
+}
+
+If ($KeepIntermediates -Eq $false) {
+  $intermediateFiles | ForEach-Object {
+    Write-Host "Cleaning up intermediate file $_"
+    Remove-Item $_
+  }
+}
+

res/terminal/Terminal_Dev_HC.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<svg width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<defs>
+<linearGradient id="foreground"><stop stop-color="#000000"/></linearGradient>
+<linearGradient id="background"><stop stop-color="#ffffff"/></linearGradient>
+</defs>
+<!-- background rounded rectangle -->
+<path d="M2 6C0.9 6 0 6.9 0 8L0 12L0 13L0 40C0 41.1 0.9 42 2 42L46 42C47.1 42 48 41.1 48 40L48 13L48 12L48 8C48 6.9 47.1 6 46 6L32 6L16 6L2 6Z" fill="url(#background)"/>
+<!-- tab outlines -->
+<rect y="12" x="0" height="1" width="48" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<rect y="6" x="15.33" height="7" width="1" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<rect y="6" x="31.66" height="7" width="1" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<!-- > -->
+<path d="M15.2 24.3L6.4 33.1C5.9 33.6 5.9 34.3 6.4 34.7L8.2 36.5C8.7 37 9.4 37 9.8 36.5L18.6 27.7C19.1 27.2 19.1 26.5 18.6 26.1L16.8 24.3C16.4 23.9 15.6 23.9 15.2 24.3Z" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<path d="M9.8 17.3L18.6 26.1C19.1 26.6 19.1 27.3 18.6 27.7L16.8 29.5C16.3 30 15.6 30 15.2 29.5L6.4 20.7C5.9 20.2 5.9 19.5 6.4 19.1L8.2 17.3C8.6 16.9 9.4 16.9 9.8 17.3Z" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<!-- "DEV" -->
+<path d="m 26.810547,33.324219 c 0,2.468099 0,4.936198 0,7.404297 1.111732,-0.02994 2.235898,0.08435 3.335087,-0.120798 1.520803,-0.279494 2.813448,-1.588029 2.928427,-3.15363 0.151833,-1.302795 -0.211075,-2.834413 -1.424476,-3.530575 -1.34461,-0.797858 -2.951172,-0.55964 -4.443327,-0.599294 -0.131903,0 -0.263807,0 -0.395711,0 z m 7.201172,0 c 0,2.468099 0,4.936198 0,7.404297 1.440104,0 2.880208,0 4.320312,0 0,-0.454427 0,-0.908855 0,-1.363282 -0.925781,0 -1.851562,0 -2.777343,0 0,-0.566406 0,-1.132812 0,-1.699218 0.805338,0 1.610677,0 2.416015,0 0,-0.454427 0,-0.908855 0,-1.363282 -0.805338,0 -1.610677,0 -2.416015,0 0,-0.536458 0,-1.072917 0,-1.609375 0.873698,0 1.747395,0 2.621093,0 0,-0.45638 0,-0.91276 0,-1.36914 -1.388021,0 -2.776041,0 -4.164062,0 z m 4.314453,0 c 0.871094,2.468099 1.742187,4.936198 2.613281,7.404297 0.522786,0 1.045573,0 1.568359,0 0.886719,-2.468099 1.773438,-4.936198 2.660157,-7.404297 -0.546875,0 -1.09375,0 -1.640625,0 -0.594401,1.782552 -1.188802,3.565104 -1.783203,5.347656 -0.580078,-1.782552 -1.160157,-3.565104 -1.740235,-5.347656 -0.559245,0 -1.118489,0 -1.677734,0 z m -9.976563,1.36914 c 0.937345,0.0013 2.047245,-0.09251 2.704846,0.710677 0.572414,0.79802 0.561189,1.924696 0.194439,2.806167 -0.413758,0.922712 -1.501024,1.222925 -2.434219,1.155031 -0.245561,-0.0018 -0.579112,0.08432 -0.465066,-0.277122 0,-1.464917 0,-2.929835 0,-4.394753 z" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+</svg>

res/terminal/Terminal_HC.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<svg width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<defs>
+<linearGradient id="foreground"><stop stop-color="#000000"/></linearGradient>
+<linearGradient id="background"><stop stop-color="#ffffff"/></linearGradient>
+</defs>
+<!-- background rounded rectangle -->
+<path d="M2 6C0.9 6 0 6.9 0 8L0 12L0 13L0 40C0 41.1 0.9 42 2 42L46 42C47.1 42 48 41.1 48 40L48 13L48 12L48 8C48 6.9 47.1 6 46 6L32 6L16 6L2 6Z" fill="url(#background)"/>
+<!-- tab outlines -->
+<rect y="12" x="0" height="1" width="48" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<rect y="6" x="15.33" height="7" width="1" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<rect y="6" x="31.66" height="7" width="1" fill="url(#foreground)"/>
+<!-- > -->
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